GROUP 5 LOW HEAT PORTLAND CEMENT (TYPE IV)

Team members :

INTRODUCTION

LOW HEAT PORTLAND CEMENT (TYPE IV) Type IV is a low heat of hydration cement for use where the rate and amount of heat generated must be minimized.
It develops strength at a slower rate than Type I cement (Original Portland Cement).

Classification : Low Heat of hydration (slow reacting)

Typical Compound Composition :

28% (C3S), 49% (C2S), 4% (C3A), 12% (C4AF), 1.8% MgO, 1.9% (SO3), 0.9% Ignition loss, and 0.8% free CaO.

The percentages of (C2S) and (C4AF) are relatively high (C3S) and (C3A) are relatively low .

and

Characteristics Low content of C3S (<50%) and C3A (max % is 7)

A limitation on this type is that the maximum percentage of (C3A) is seven, and the maximum percentage of (C3S) is thirtyfive.

Chemical Properties

Parameter Si02 AI2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO SO3 LOI Choride Na2O Equivalent

CCL typical 29.2% 11.1% 1.2% 50.4% 4.6% 2.2% 0.7% 0.01% 0.4%

AS3792 Limits

Test Method XRF XRF XRF XRF XRF XRF AS2350.2 ASTM C114 ASTMC114

3.5%

Benefits of Low Heat Cement :

1)

Assists in minimising the potential for thermal cracking in thick concrete sections

2)

Significantly improved later-age concrete strengths

3) Improved durability performance

4) Increased workability and pumpability with large pours

Product applications
- Low Heat Cement can also be used in soil stabilisation , underground mining and marine concrete applications where engineering properties such as workability and durability are required. - Low Heat Cement is ideal for mass concrete applications, including :
1. Constructing dams

Bakun Dam at Sarawak

2.

Large footings, large raft slabs, wind turbine plinths

Large footings

Large raft slabs

wind turbine plinths

3.

Very high strength concrete

Was used in the u-beams of the North Boulevard Bridge

Extra thick (1.5m) walls required for the hospitals radiation unit

KLCC

Flowable concrete was used in the curved and straight girders

Low Heat Cement Properties

- The following table details the relevant specified requirements of AS 3972 and the typical values achieved by Low Heat Cement

Compatibilities
- Low Heat Cement is compatible with :

1.

Admixtures that comply with AS 1478 Chemical Admixtures for Concrete.

2.

Fly ashes complying with AS 3582.1 Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Use with Portland cement: Fly ash.

3.

Ground granulated blast furnace slags complying with AS3582.2 - Supplementary cementitious materials for use with Portland cement: Slag - ground granulated Iron blast-furnace.

4.

Amorphous Silica complying with AS3582.3 -Supplementary cementitious materials for use with Portland cement : Amorphous silica.

5.

Other cements complying with AS3972 - Portland and blended cements.

Concrete Properties
Strength development in Portland cement concrete is affected by a number of factors such as the physical and chemical properties of the cement, water cement ratio, admixtures, curing and environmental conditions. The following graph depicts indicative compressive strength development for Low Heat Cement.

Effect of Excess Water Addition on Concrete Compressive Strength

LOW HEAT PORTLAND CEMENT (TYPE IV)

Is generally not stocked by manufacturers but some might consider a large special order.

Has not been made for many years and rarely used today, because similar properties can be obtained by using a blended cement.

Conclusion
Content: C3A & C3S is lower C2S is higher Characteristic : - Slow rate of reaction - Produce low heat for hydration - Low early strength Strength start after 7 days & - Higher ultimate strength gradually continue up to 1 year - Less cracking - Min specific surface by ISI : 3200cm/g

Use : - Mass concrete - Marine (Better sulphate resisteance, <C3A )

Not suitable : - Cold weather - Post-tensioning job

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