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DEFINITION
1. Leptospirosis is a kind of zoonotic infectious disease caused by pathogenic leptospires; 2. rats and swine are cardinal source of infection; 3. the disease often occurs in summer and fall;
DEFINITION
4. clinical features: three symptoms, three signs, internal organ damage, seguelae of eyes and nerve system 5. treatment: penicillin.
ETIOLOGY
1.pathogen : pathogenic leptospira 2.features of leptospia: helicoid with hook, length 6~ 20 um,G darkfield microscope; in korthofs media;
ETIOLOGY
several months in water and moist soil (PH7.0~7.5)
EPIDEMIOLOGY
1.Source of infection: rat: apodemus agrarius, rice field type; pigs: flood or rain type; patient
EPIDEMIOLOGY
2.Routes of transmission: (1) water borne (indirect contact transmission): by skin,mucosa,when skin is injured. (2) direct contact transmission: (3) food borne 3.Susceptibility of population:
EPIDEMIOLOGY
4.Epidemiologic features: (1)season: summer and fall; (2) nosogenic age: young and middle age,children (3)occupation: farmer,slaughter, fisher,veterinarian.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
4.Epidemiologic features: (4)epidemic type : rice field type flood type rain type
PATHOGENESIS
leptospira skin,mucosa Initial stage leptospiremia toxic symptoms
(1~3days) three symptoms: fever,myalgia,fatigue; three signs: conjunctival suffussion; muscle tenderness; enlargement of lymphonodes;
PATHOGENESIS
severe toxic symptoms lesion of organs: influenza form pneumorrhagic form middle stage icterohemorrhagic form (3~10d) meningoencephalitis renal failure form.
PATHOGENESIS
immunopathological reaction after fever; sequelae of eyes; reactive meningitis; cerebro arteritis obliterans.
convalescent stage
PATHOLOGY
1. basic pathological change is infective,toxic injured of systemic capillaries; 2. severe:lung,liver,kidneys,brain. exudation,hemorrhage, edema or necrosis.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Incubation period: 2~28 days usually 7~13days; 1. Influenza-typhoid type:5~10days three symptoms: fever,myalgia and fatigue. three signs: conjunctival suffusion,
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS three signs: conjunctival suffusion, tenderness of gastrocnemius muscle; enlargement and tenderness of superficial lymphnodes. Inguinal and axillary lymphodes.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 3.Icterohemorrhagic type:(Weil ,s disease) 1). three symptoms and three signs
2). jaundice, hemorrage, renal injury (4~5d)
liver injury:
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 4.renal failure type: oliguria, azoteinia, uremia. 5.meningoencephalitis type: 1). three symptoms and three signs
2). 3~4days later, meningitis, encephalitis.
headache,vomiting,meningeal irritation,
lethargy,coma,paralysis or convulsion.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
CSF is abnormal.
pressure increase pleocytosis<500 106/L protein is normal or elevated slightly. glucose and chloride is normal. leptospira isolation: positive.
2. sequelae of eyes: 1week~1month iridocycyclitis, choroiditis , uveitis 3.reactive meningitis 4.cerebroarteritis obliterans:2w~2m
LABORATORY FINDINGS:
1. routine examination: 1). blood routine examination:
WBC is increased slightly; 2).urine routine examination: protein (2/3)
LABORATORY FINDINGS: 2). ELISA: serum and CSF IgM antibody 3. pathogenic test 1).blood culture:
2).PCR: DNA
DIAGNOSIS
1.epidemiologic data:
1).epidemic area; 2).epidemic season; 3).a history of contact with contaminated water;
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1.Influenza; Typhoid fever, 2.Lobar pneumonia; 3.Viral hepatitis; 4.Viral meningitis; 5.Epidemic hemorrhagic fever;
TREATMENT
1.Pathogenic therapy 1). first choice: penicillin
40 u q6h or q8h im 7days note: Herxheimer reaction
first time - small amount 5 u im
TREATMENT
2.Symptomatic therapy 1). Herxheimer reaction physical cooling, sedative,
hydrocortisone. 2). pneumorrhagia type sedative, hydrocortisone, cardiotonics
3.treatment of sequlea
PREVENTION
1.control of pigs: 1). stable breeding
2).immunized by vaccine