4G Technology

Presented Ashutosh Kumar Roll No. 1008431019 EC, Third Year

Index

4G Definition Types Code Division Multiple Access Types of Multiplexing Reasons for New Research What is 4G? Communications Architecture Advantage & Disadvantage

4G Definition

4G is not one defined technology or standard, but rather a collection of technologies at creating fully packetswitched networks optimized for data.
4G Networks are projected to provide speed of 100Mbps while moving and 1Gbps while stationary.

Types 0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)

At the end of the 1940s, the first radio telephone service was introduced, and was designed to users in cars to the public land-line based telephone network.

In the 1960s, a system launched by Bell Systems, called, Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS), brought quite a few improvements such as direct dialing and more bandwidth. The very first analog systems were based upon IMTS and were created in the late 60s and early 70s.

1G Technology

1G refers to the first-generation of wireless telephone technology was developed in 1970s.

1G had two major improvements:

the invention of the microprocessor the digital transform of the control link between the phone and the cell site.

Analog signal

2G Technology

Around 1980s
Better quality & capacity - More people could use there phones at the same time Digital Signals consist of 0s & 1s

3G Technology

Large capacity and broadband capabilities

Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile systems and up to 2Mbps Increased spectrum efficiency 5Mhz

A greater number of users that can be simultaneously supported by a radio frequency bandwidth High data rates at lower incremental cost than 2GGlobal roaming

Code Division Multiple Access

Types of Multiplexing

FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access

Each phone call is allocated one frequency for the entire duration of the call

Types of Multiplexing

TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access

Each phone call is allocated a spot in the frequency for a small amount of time, and "takes turns" being transmitted

Reasons for New Research

Even though 3G has successfully been introduced to mobile users, there are some issues that are debated by 3G providers and users. High input fees for the 3G service licenses

Great differences in the licensing terms 3G phones are expensive

Fourth Generation

What is 4G?

Fourth Generation Technology

Faster and more reliable 100 Mb/s Lower cost than previous generations Multi-standard wireless system Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless Ad Hoc Networking IPv6 Core OFDM used instead of CDMA Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n Most information is proprietary

Communications Architecture

Broadcast layer: fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower connected by fiber, microwave, or satellite (ISP) Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer: wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbucks)

Communications Architecture

Personal Layer Gateway:

devices that connect to upper layers; cell phone, fax, voice, data modem, MP3 players, PDAs

Info-Sensor layer:

environmental sensors

Fiber-optic wire layer:

high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic cables and repeaters

Advantage

Quickly download files over a wireless network Extremely high voice quality Easily access Internet, IM, Social Networks, streaming media, video calling, etc. Higher bandwidth WiMAX, LTE, and HSPA+ are all versions of 4G, WiMAX is used by Sprint, LTE is used by Verizon 4G is 10 times faster than 3G

Disadvantages of 4G:
New frequencies means new components in cell towers. Higher data prices for consumers Consumer is forced to buy a new device to support the 4G It is impossible to make your current equipment compatible with the 4G network 4G is only currently available in certain cities within the United States.

Thanking You