SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

Objectives
Students will be able to analyze the differences between the old and new scientific theories. Students will be able to explain how Europe experienced a Scientific Revolution during the 16th and 17th centuries. Students will be able to analyze how astronomy changed from Aristotle to Galileo.

Pre-Scientific Revolution
Thomas Aquinas: Scholasticism
Everything in the universe is true, our only job is to explain it

What do you think is the problem with this theory?

Old Science
Relied on
Ancient authorities Church teachings Common sense

New Science
Relied on
Observation Experimentation Scientific reasoning

Challenged traditions and institutions

If I have seen further than others, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants. -Isaac Newton

Introduction to Scientific Revolution

http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-thestory-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-ofall-of-us-scientific-revolution#mankind-thestory-of-all-of-us-scientific-revolution

ASTRONOMY

Aristotle, Geocentric Theory, ~350 BCE

Ptolemy, ~200 AD
The Ptolemaic model accounted for the apparent motions of the planets in a very direct way, by assuming that each planet moved on a small sphere or circle, called an epicycle, that moved on a larger sphere or circle, called a deferent. The stars, it was assumed, moved on a celestial sphere around the outside of the planetary spheres.
Ptolemy summarized everything that was known on astronomy until that time.

Ptolemys model

Nicolaus Copernicus, 1543 Heliocentric Theory

Tycho Brahe 1546-1601

Tycho Brahe made a remarkable star catalogue of over 1000 stars. His improvements of methods and accuracy in observations was very significant. His observations of planetary motion, particularly that of Mars, provided the crucial data for later astronomers like Kepler to construct our present model of the solar system.

Johannes Kepler, 15711630

Planets orbit the sun in the shape of an ELLIPSE, not a complete circle. Kepler also predicted the rate at which planets orbit the Sun.

Galileo Galilei, 1564-1642

First to use telescope to make observations about the sky Number of stars Solar System
Jupiter has 4 satellites or moons Venus has phases (like the moon) Moon surface is rough and irregular Sun has sunspots

Reaction to Scientific Revolution

What do you think it was?

Galileos Trial

Closure
Review of Astronomers