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ENDOCRINE GLANDS: Ductless: secrete hormones ___________ Target cells: Action site: http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=YI2qYRWz SZ4&feature=related
CHEMISTRY OF HORMONES
NonSteroidal: AMINES (i.e. epinephrine) PROTEINS (i.e. insulin) Steroids
Made from cholesterol (i.e. cortisol)
REGULATION OF HORMONES
Negative feedback mechanism
Releasing hormones Nervous system
POSTERIOR PITUITARY
2 hormones:
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Oxytocin
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
6 hormones
Growth hormone (GH) Thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Prolactin Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Hormones are produced here, but their release is regulated by releasing hormones (from the hypothalamus)
ACTH:
Which then secretes cortisol.
Prolactin: FSH and LH: influence the secretion of sex hormones and the development of egg or sperm.
CONTENTS
PINEAL GLAND
PINEAL GLAND
Secretion: Melatonin Functions:
Circadian cycle Levels rise when sunlight is absent; secretion inhibited by sunlight
THYROID GLAND
THYROID GLAND
3 Hormones: THYROXINE (T4) TRIIODOTHRONINE (T3) CALCITONIN ______is necessary for the production of these hormones
PARATHYROID GLANDS
PARATHYROID HORMONE
Hormone produced: Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Functions:
Antagonist to calcitonin Raises _________ Lowers ____________
Calcitonin
Increases osteoblast activity building Removes calcium from blood
_________ blood calcium level
PANCREAS
ISLETS OF LANGERHANS Alpha Beta
HORMONES: Glucagon Insulin
ADRENAL GLANDS
ADRENAL MEDULLA
HORMONES SECRETED: Epinephrine Echo Function: Norepinephrine Function:
ADRENAL CORTEX
HORMONES SECRETED: Corticosteroids (steroid hormones) 3 types Mineralocorticoids Aldosterone Glucocorticoids Cortisol Gonadocorticoids Male hormones (androgens)
ADRENAL CORTEX
Functions of hormones secreted: Mineralocorticoids
Example: Aldosterone
Glucocorticoids
Example: Cortisol
Gonadocorticoids
Example: Male hormones (androgens)
OVARIES
OVARIES
HORMONES PRODUCED: Estrogen
Functions:
Progesterone
Functions:
TESTES
HORMONES PRODUCED: Testosterone Function:
Inhibin Function:
OTHER HORMONES
PLACENTA
hCG: human chorionic gonadotropin Estrogen, progesterone, relaxin
THYMUS
Produces hormones that help immune system
ADIPOSE TISSUE
Leptin
OTHER HORMONES
STOMACH
Ghrelin, gastrin Small instestine: secretin
HEART
ANH: atrial natriuretic hormone
KIDNEYS
Erythropoetin
PROSTAGLANDINS
AGING
No serious deficiency Decrease secretion with age Decrease gh Decrease thyroid