Factorial Design

2 Independent Variables Examples

IV#1 Drug Level Type of Therapy Type of Exercise Toy Color

Two Way ANOVAs

IV#2 Age of Patient Length of Therapy Type of Diet Gender

DV Anxiety Level Anxiety Level Weight Change Satisf. with Toy

Key Advantages
Compare relative influences on DV Examine interactions between IV

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2 Way ANOVA

Example Two Way ANOVAs

Toy Study IV: Toy Color (Blue, Pink) IV: Gender (Boy, Girl) DV: Satisfaction with Toy Terms Factors: __ * ___ * ___ Levels (a,b) Design: ___ x ___ Main Effect, collapsing Interaction
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Main Effects Two Way ANOVAs

Main Effect for Toy Color?
Compare Column Means

Toy Color

Boy (1)
Main Effect for Sex Gender?
Compare Row Means

Blue (1) 7 6 5
4 5 6 M=5.5

Pink (2) 2 3 4
12 10 11 M=7.0

M=4.5

Girl (2)

M=8.0

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2 Way ANOVA

Interactions- Cell Means Two Way ANOVAs

Toy Color
Graph cell means to examine possibility of interaction

Blue (1) 7 Boy (1) 6 5 M=6 2 3 4

Pink (2) M=3

Sex Girl (2)

4 5 M=5 6

12 10 M=11 11

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2 Way ANOVA

Interactions-Graph Two Way ANOVAs

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Blue Toy Pink Toy

Boy Girl

General rule of life: If two lines cross, it probably means something. Non-parallel lines suggests interaction.
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SPSS: Data Input #1 Two Way ANOVAs

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2 Way ANOVA

SPSS: Data Input #2 Two Way ANOVAs

Dr. Sinn, PSYC 301

2 Way ANOVA

SPSS: Analysis, Step #1 Two Way ANOVAs

Step #1

Step #2 Step #3 Step #4

Go to Analyze, General Linear Model, Univariate Move DV to Dependent Variable Move 2 IVs to Fixed Faxtors
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SPSS: Analysis, Step #2 Two Way ANOVAs

Select Plots; Graph sample means with two IVs If one IV has more levels, put on Horizontal Axis
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SPSS: Analysis, Step #3 Two Way ANOVAs

Select Options Ask for Descriptive Statistics

Dr. Sinn, PSYC 301 2 Way ANOVA

SPSS: Analysis, Step #4 Two Way ANOVAs

Select Post Hoc Do Post Hoc (SNK) for IVs with 3+ levels Not required in this example; both IVs have only 2 levels: color (blue & pink), sex (boy & girl)
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SPSS Output #1 Two Way ANOVAs

Betw ee n-Subje cts Factors Value Label blue pink boy girl

Des criptive Statistics

N 6 6 6 6

color sex

1 2 1 2

Dependent Variable: satisf color blue sex boy girl Total boy girl Total boy girl Total Mean 6.00 5.00 5.50 3.00 11.00 7.00 4.50 8.00 6.25 Std. Deviation 1.000 1.000 1.049 1.000 1.000 4.472 1.871 3.406 3.194 N 3 3 6 3 3 6 6 6 12

pink

Total

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2 Way ANOVA

SPSS Output #2: Two Way ANOVAs

Tes ts of Be tw ee n-Subje cts Effe cts Dependent Variable: satisf Source Corrected Model Intercept color sex color * sex Error Total Corrected Total Type III Sum of Squares 104.250a 468.750 6.750 36.750 60.750 8.000 581.000 112.250 df 3 1 1 1 1 8 12 11 Mean Square 34.750 468.750 6.750 36.750 60.750 1.000 F 34.750 468.750 6.750 36.750 60.750 Sig. .000 .000 .032 .000 .000

BG

WG

a. R Squared = .929 (Adjusted R Squared = .902)

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SPSS Output #3: Two Way ANOVAs

Estimated Marginal Means of satisf
sex

12

boy girl

Estimated Marginal Means

10

Note: post-hoc tests are needed only when you have 3+ levels of an IV (here we dont).

2 blue color pink

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2 Way ANOVA

Write-up Two Way ANOVAs

The hypotheses were supported. [1] There was a main effect for toy color. Pink toys (M=7.00) elicited significantly more satisfaction than blue toys (M=5.5), F(1,8) = 6.750, p .05. [2]There was also a main effect for sex. Girls were significantly more satisfied (M=8.00) than boys (M=4.50), F(1,8)=36.750, p .05.

Dr. Sinn, PSYC 301

2 Way ANOVA

Write-up (cont.)Two Way ANOVAs

[3] Additionally, there was a significant interaction
between color and sex, F(1,8) = 60.75, p.05. Boys and girls appear equally satisfied with blue toys. Switching to pink toys, however, raised satisfaction for girls but decreased satisfaction for boys. Sex accounted for only a small amount of variance in satisfaction (2 = .0601), but color (2 = .3274) and the interaction (2 = .5412) accounted for a large amount of variance.
Dr. Sinn, PSYC 301 2 Way ANOVA

Two-Way ANOVA Cont.

Announcements Review Study Guide for Final Homework: Influence Study Homework: Teamwork & Feedback Study, write-ups Explain Purpose of 2nd ANOVA Lab Studying for Final
Computational Review for Final Review Name That Stat Exercises Practice SPSS on computer Review Old Computations

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2 Way ANOVA

Source of Variation Table for 2-way ANOVA

Three possible influences on DV -- factors
A: IV #1 B: IV #2 C: Interaction

Sum of Squares (SS) always given Calculating Degrees of Freedom by hand

dfA = dfB = dfA*B = a-1 b-1 (a-1)*(b-1)

dfwg =
dfTotal =
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a * b * (n-1)
N1
2 Way ANOVA

Table Reading Keys

1. Three Fs use same formula
MSBG / MSWG = MSSpecific Factor / MSError For example: MSA / MSError

2. Factor significant if p .05 3. MS = SS/df for each factor and error

Dr. Sinn, PSYC 301

2 Way ANOVA

Source of Variation Table from Toy Study

Tes ts of Be tw ee n-Subje cts Effe cts Dependent Variable: satisf Source Corrected Model Intercept color sex color * sex Error Total Corrected Total Type III Sum of Squares 104.250a 468.750 6.750 36.750 60.750 8.000 581.000 112.250 df 3 1 1 1 1 8 12 11 Mean Square 34.750 468.750 6.750 36.750 60.750 1.000 F 34.750 468.750 6.750 36.750 60.750 Sig. .000 .000 .032 .000 .000

BG

WG

a. R Squared = .929 (Adjusted R Squared = .902)

Dr. Sinn, PSYC 301 2 Way ANOVA

Fluid

Task Crystalized
100 95 110 100 105 95 100 105 105 95 100 100

Age & Intelligence

(2-way ANOVA)

65 105
100 95 100

Age

75 85
90 95 85

85 85
80 75 2 Way ANOVA 80

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Important Means
Main effect for Task? Main effect for Age? Graph it

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2 Way ANOVA

Calculate degrees of freedom by hand:

dfA dfB dfA*B dfError dfTotal

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2 Way ANOVA

Complete Table with these SS

SSTask = 759.375 SSAge = 452.083 SSTask*Age = 356.250 SSError = 406.250

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2 Way ANOVA

SPSS Data Entry

Dr. Sinn, PSYC 301

2 Way ANOVA

Check Output
What means pertain to
Effect of Task Effect of Age Effect of interaction

Is there a .
Main effect for Task Main effect for Age Interaction

Is Post Hoc Required? Explain graph Do complete Write-up

Dr. Sinn, PSYC 301 2 Way ANOVA

2-way ANOVA: Age & Intelligence

First, Id like to thank my statistics teacher for devising such a creative, exciting, and enriching exercise. My life will never be the same.
Dr. Sinn, PSYC 301 2 Way ANOVA

2-way ANOVA: Age & Intelligence

The hypotheses were supported.
Im still smarter than you are, missy.

Participants scored significantly lower on tasks using fluid (M=89.58) rather than crystallized intelligence (M=100.83), F(1,18) = 33.46, p<=.05. In addition, participants aged 85 years scored lower (M=90.00) than those aged 75 years (M=95.00), who in turn scored lower than those aged 65 years (M=100.63), F(2,18)=10.015, p<=.05. Additionally, age interacted with type of task, F(2,18)=7.812, p<=.05. Although scores on crystallized tasks remain relatively constant, scores on fluid tasks decline with age.

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2 Way ANOVA

Interpreting 2-way Outcomes

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2 Way ANOVA

Interpreting 2-way Outcomes (cont.)

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2 Way ANOVA

Bogus Winthrop Data 2-way ANOVA

Some of the hypotheses were supported. There was a main effect for residence. On-campus students earned higher GPAs (M=3.2545) than offcampus students (M=1.9667), F(1,14)=21.625,p<=.05. However, there was no main effect for program. GPAs for students in the control (M=2.5857), mentoring (M=2.5286), and study hall condition (M=2.9500) did not differ significantly, F(2,14)=.069, n.s. There was no interaction, F(2,14)=.205, n.s. Residence accounted for a moderate amount of variance in GPA, eta2 = .5132. Overall, it appears residence, but not type of program, affects GPA.
Dr. Sinn, PSYC 301 2 Way ANOVA

Is there a sig. difference in funniness?

Yet another excuse for a 1-way Anova

#2 #1
Rate each video on the following scale:

Not funny 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Funny

#3
Dr. Sinn, PSYC 301 2 Way ANOVA