Why Energy Storage?

1) To stablize electric grid and to store energy for later use. 2) To develop (hybrid) electric vehicles with low CO2 emissions 3) To meet the demand of electrical energy whenever or wherever needed

ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE(EES)

Processes of converting electrical energy from a power source into an electrical or non-electrical form that can be stored for converting back into electrical energy as per requirement.

TYPES OF SMART EES

Classified by the form of storage:
1) Electrical energy storage: capacitors and supercapacitors 2) Mechanical energy storage : wheel-pumped hydroelectric storage 3) Chemical energy storage: lithium-ion batteries 4) Thermal energy storage : solar fuels

ELECTRICITY is a hugely versatile form Of energy, but it suffers one big drawback: it's relatively difficult to store . BATTERIES large amounts of power, but they take hours to charge up. CAPACITORS charge almost instantly But stores only tiny amounts of power.
In our electric-powered future, when we need to store and release large amounts of electricity very quickly, it's quite likely we'll turn to
SUPERCAPACITORS

WHAT IS A SUPERCAPACITOR ?
A supercapacitor or ultracapacitor is an electrochemical Capacitor that has an unusually high energy density when compared to common capacitors

SUPERCAPACITOR
- Ultracapacitors or Electrochemical capacitors - differs from an ordinary capacitor in two important ways: 1) its plates effectively have a much bigger area and 2) the distance between them is much smaller. because the separator between them works in a different way to a conventional dielectric. Simple Capacitors to Supercapacitors

WORKING
EDLC works on the principle of double-layer capacitance at the electrode/electrolyte interface where electric charges are accumulated on the electrode surfaces and ions of opposite charge are arranged on the electrolyte side.

TYPES OF DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITORS

Classified by the charge storage mechanism: (1) Electrical double-layer capacitor (2) Electrochemical double layer capacitor or super/pseudo-capacitor

Initial Idea of Making Energy Storage : SUPERCAPACITOR

1) High surface area 2) Conductive surface 3) Ions easily diffuse in Mesopores and are adsorbed in ultra micropores 4) Oxide particles or conducting polymers provide additional surface redox reactions OXIDE PARTICLES

Design of Supercapacitor Pack

ADVANTAGES
Virtually unlimited life cycle - cycles millions of time -10 to 12 year life Low impedance Charges in seconds No danger of overcharge Very high rates of charge and discharge High cycle efficiency (95% or more) Super capacitors and ultra capacitors are relatively expensive in terms of cost per watt

Supercapacitors: ideal for short-duration high-power applications

Will Supercapacitors replace the battery?

A supercapacitor by itself cannot totally replace the battery. But, by merging a supercapacitor and a battery together - like a "Hybrid Battery" it will be possible for supercapcitors to replace the battery as we know it today. Supercapacitors need batteries to store the energy and are basically used as a buffer between the battery and the device. Supercapacitors can be charged and discharged hundreds of thousands of times where a battery cannot do that. Soon the price point will be where most every electronic device will use them. As a hybrid battery.. it will be the new super battery.

APPLICATIONS
1. Quick-charge applications-charging in seconds and discharging in minutes (required for power tools and toys) 2. Electric vehicles (starting/regenerative braking) 3. At sharp turns on electric traction 4. Short-term support for uninterrupted power system with generator backup 5. Solar array (energy-rich, poor power source) 6. Supporting power buses while switching 7. Computer memory backups low-current, longduration requirements

DISADVANTAGES
Linear discharge voltage prevents use of the full energy spectrum Low energy density - typically holds one-fifth to onetenth the energy of an electrochemical battery Cells have low voltages - serial connections are needed to obtain higher voltages. Voltage balancing is required if more than three capacitors are connected in series High self-discharge - the rate is considerably higher than that of an electrochemical battery. Requires sophisticated electronic control and switching equipment

CONCLUSION

FUTURE PERSPECTIVES