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Processes in growth
Cell division. Cell enlargment. Cell differentiation.
Primary growth
protoderm procambium Leaf primordia
Apical meristem
Ground meristem
Forming axillary bud
Secondary growth
Vascular cambium xylem Ray parenchyma
cork
Seed Germination
Scarification
mechanical chemical heat
Mobilization of reserves
Mobilization of reserves
Movement in Plants
Turgor movements (changes in turgor pressure in selected cells) Growth movements (elongation of selected cells in response to stimulus)
phototropism geotropism thigmotropism
Tropic responses
Growth movement
Phototropism
Geotropism
Statoliths
Thigmotropism
Hormones
Signal molecules produced at specific locations. Occur in low concentrations. Cause altered processes in target cells at other locations.
Auxin
Auxin
Discovered as substance associated with phototropic response. Occurs in very low concentrations.
Isolated from human urine, (40mg 33 gals-1) In coleoptiles (1g 20,000 tons-1)
Gibberellin
uninfected
infected
Effects of Gibberellins
General cell elongation. Breaking of dormancy. Promotion of flowering. Transport is non-polar, bidirectional producing general responses.
Cytokinins
Function of cytokinins
Promotes cell division. Morphogenesis. Lateral bud development. Delay of senescence. Stomatal opening. Rapid transport in xylem stream.
Abscisic acid
Ethylene
H H \ / C = C / \ H H
Functions of ethylene
Gaseous in form. Rapid diffusion. Affects adjacent individuals. Fruit ripening. Senescence and abscission. Interference with auxin transport. Initiation of stem elongation and bud development.