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INTRODUCTION
The power out put of an engine depends upon the amount of air inducted per unit time and the degree of utilization of this air , and the thermal efficiency of the engine.
Three possible methods utilized to increase the air consumption of an engine are as follows:
Increasing the piston displacement: This increases the size and weight of the engine, and introduces additional cooling problems. Running the engine at higher speeds: This results in increased mechanical friction losses and imposes greater inertia stresses on engine parts. Increasing the density of the charge: This allows a greater mass of the charge to be inducted into the same volume.
Definition
The most efficient method of increasing the power of an engine is by supercharging, i.e. increasing the flow of air into the engine to enable more fuel to be burnt. A Supercharger is run by the mechanical drive, powered by engine power . A turbocharger uses the otherwise unused energy in the exhaust gases to drive a turbine directly connected by a co-axial shaft to a rotary compressor in the air intake system.
COMPRESSED AIR
Air inlet
Fig.1 Supercharger
Types
Fig. 2 Turbocharger
FIG.3
Type of Compressor.
1.Centrifugal type
2. Vane type
3. Roots type
FIG. 5
.(4)
Where mat = theoretical air consumption rate, kg/h atm & De = engine displacement, L Ne = engine speed, rpm a = density of air entering compressor, kg/m3
The air-delivery ratio is the ratio of the measured over the theoretical air consumption of an engine:
Select the turbine and the operating point on the turbine map. The turbine and compressor must rotate at the same speed, the turbine flow must equal the compressor flow times (1 + FA), and the turbine must supply enough power to drive the compressor while overcoming bearing friction.
The mechanical efficiency of the turbocharger
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