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Class seminar on

Stealth technology

PRESENTED BY:-

NAME- Ankit Gupta ROLL NO.- 09162021 B.TECH(4th year)

INTRODUCTION
The power out put of an engine depends upon the amount of air inducted per unit time and the degree of utilization of this air , and the thermal efficiency of the engine.

Indicated engine Power IP=P*L*A*n*K/60000 ..(1)


Where, IP= indicated power (kW) P=indicated mean effective pressure(N/m2) L=length of stroke A= area of piston n= no of power stroke, for 2-s engine-N and for 4-s engine N/2, N= rpm K= No of cylinders

Three possible methods utilized to increase the air consumption of an engine are as follows:
Increasing the piston displacement: This increases the size and weight of the engine, and introduces additional cooling problems. Running the engine at higher speeds: This results in increased mechanical friction losses and imposes greater inertia stresses on engine parts. Increasing the density of the charge: This allows a greater mass of the charge to be inducted into the same volume.

Definition
The most efficient method of increasing the power of an engine is by supercharging, i.e. increasing the flow of air into the engine to enable more fuel to be burnt. A Supercharger is run by the mechanical drive, powered by engine power . A turbocharger uses the otherwise unused energy in the exhaust gases to drive a turbine directly connected by a co-axial shaft to a rotary compressor in the air intake system.

COMPRESSED AIR

Air inlet

Fig.1 Supercharger

Types

Fig. 2 Turbocharger

FIG.3

NEED OF TURBOCHARGER AND SUPER CHARGER


For ground installations, it is used to produce a gain in the power out put of the engine. For aircraft installations, in addition to produce a gain in the power out put at sea-level, it also enables the engine to maintain a higher power out put as altitude is increased.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A TURBOCHARGER:


A turbocharger is a small radial fan pump driven by the energy of the exhaust gases of an engine. A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a compressor on a shared shaft. The turbine converts exhaust to rotational force, which is in turn used to drive the compressor. The compressor draws in ambient air and pumps it in to the intake manifold at increased pressure, resulting in a greater mass of air entering the cylinders on each intake stroke.

Types of super charger:

Based on the use of compressor

Centrifugal type Roots type Vane type


Components of turbocharger

Air compressor Turbine Intercooler

Type of Compressor.

1.Centrifugal type

2. Vane type

3. Roots type

Where the turbocharger is located in the car

FIG. 5

Selection process of turbocharger


The concept of turbocharger is illustrated in Figure 7.
Compressor air inlet,Point1- p1, T1 Compressor air out let, point2p2, T2 Turbine exhaust gas inlet, point 3-p3,T3 Turbine exhaust gas outletP4, T4

Figure7. Illustration of the concept of a turbocharger.

Terms essential for turbocharger selection


Air Consumption and Air-Delivery Ratio:

.(4)
Where mat = theoretical air consumption rate, kg/h atm & De = engine displacement, L Ne = engine speed, rpm a = density of air entering compressor, kg/m3

The air-delivery ratio is the ratio of the measured over the theoretical air consumption of an engine:

..(5) where ev = air-delivery ratio


mat= theoretical air consumption of the engine, kg/h

ma= actual air consumption of the engine, kg/h

Select the turbine and the operating point on the turbine map. The turbine and compressor must rotate at the same speed, the turbine flow must equal the compressor flow times (1 + FA), and the turbine must supply enough power to drive the compressor while overcoming bearing friction.
The mechanical efficiency of the turbocharger

Advantages of supercharger and turbocharger


The more increase the pressure of the intake air above the local atmospheric pressure (boost), the more power the engine produces. Automotive superchargers for street use typically produce a maximum boost pressure between 0.33 to 1.0 bar , providing a proportionate increase in power. Engines burn air and fuel at an ideal (stoichiometric) ratio of about 14.7:1, which means that if you burn more air, you must also burn more fuel. This is particularly useful at high altitudes: thinner air has less oxygen, reducing power by around 3% per 1,000 feet above sea level, but a supercharger can compensate for that loss, pressurizing the intake charge to something close to sea level pressure.

Disadvantages of turbocharger and supercharger


Cost and complexity Detonation Space Turbo lag

THANK YOU

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