+

Kelompok B
Muhamad Zevni Kurniadi Isna Rasyad Hanief Rian Edi Cahyanto 12211013 12211021 12211057

+ Classification of Gas Turbine Engines

Aero-derivative gas turbines

Light industrial gas turbines Heavy industrial gas turbines

+ Aero-derivative Gas Turbines

benefit

disadvantage

Easy maintenance since the gas generator can be removed as a single, simple module. This can be achieved very quickly when compared with other systems. High power-to-weight ratio, which is very beneficial in an offshore situation. Can be easily designed for single lift modular installations. Easy to operate. They use the minimum of floor area.

Relatively high costs of maintenance due to short running times between overhauls. Fuel economy is usually lower than other types of gas turbines. The gas generators are expensive to replace

+ Light Industrial Gas Turbines

advantage

disadvantage

high powertoweight ratio and easy maintenance

Easier maintenance is achieved by designing the combustion chambers, the gas generator and compressor turbine section to be easily removable as a single modular type of unit.

The ratings of machines in this category are limited to about 10 MW. More often maintenance required

+ Heavy Industrial Gas Turbines

advantage

disadvantage

High power output

Very bad power-to-weight ratio

Capable of burning most liquid and gas fuel, even heavier crude oil Long and reliable running times

Maintenance needs longer times to be done

Poor thermodynmaic performance

+ Gas Turbine Driving Methods

Fuel for Gas Turbines

Low heating value gas.

Natural gas. High heating value gas. Distillate oils. Crude oil. Residual oil.

+ Energy Obtained from Gas Turbines

A gas turbine functions as a heat engine using the thermodynamic Joule cycle

+ Thermodynamic Cycle of Gas Turbine

Adiabatic compression

Effect of Inefficient Compressor and Turbines

The work done in the compressor

Maximum Work

The work done in the turbine

Ideal cycle efficiency

Practical cycle efficiency

Variation of Specific Heat

+ Ducting and Combustion Chamber Pressure Drop

Heat Rate and Fuel Consumption

+ Factors to be Considered at the

Design Stage of a Power Plant

Sea level elevation. 15C (59F) ambient temperature. Basic engine, no losses for inlet or exhaust systems, no losses for gearbox and mechanical transmission. Clean engine, as delivered from the factory.

Derating Factor

+ SPEED GOVERNING OF GAS

TURBINES
Open-loop Speed-torque Characteristic

is unsuitable for regulating the power output of the generator

Closed-loop Speed-power Characteristic

reduce the variation in shaft speed to a small amount over the full range ofshaft power

+ Governing Systems for Gas Turbines

Two main methods:
a) Droop governing. b) Isochronous governing. The droop characterisitic: