Professional Documents
Culture Documents
mf_rois@yahoo.co.id
August 15th 2011
Road Map
1. Newcastle Disease Virus
2.
3.
Classification
Newcastle Disease
Taxonomy: Family: Paramyxoviridae Genus: Avulavirus Species: Avian Paramyxovirus 1 (Newcastle Disease virus) 1926 by Kraneveld in Buitenzorg, Indonesia 1926 by Doyle in Newcastle, UK
2 antigenic determinants
Classification of NDV Serotype Pathotype Genotype
N RNA
Transmission
Air-borne or carried on contaminated shoes of workers, visitors, tyres, equipment, feed sacs, egg crates, wild birds. Mainly aerosol. Improperly cleaned houses and hospital pens are sources of NDV.
Incubation period
4-6 days
Susceptibility: (1) Hosts; natural outbreaks occur in chickens, other domestic birds. Duck and geese no clinical signs. (2) Breed; Layers are more susceptible than broilers. (3) Sex; male and females are equally susceptible. in grower: breeder male higher density ND. (4) Age; resistance increases with age. (5) Season; ND is more common in the colddry as well as cold-humid periods, season changes and windy periods of the year.
Clinical signs
VVND pathotype Severe respiratory signs
Gross lesions
Haemorrhagic lesions in intestine: proventriculus, cecal tonsil and small intestines Airsacculitis Egg yolk in abdominal cavity Haemorrhagic lesions of ovaries Vasodilations of blood vessels, e.g. brain
Pathogenesis
At least 236 species are susceptible Chickens are highly susceptible Ducks and geese --> few or no clinical sings
Revaccination: Yes, but wait - till acute phase has passed - till feed intake has been stabilized - with killed vaccine - antibiotic may help to prevent secondary infection
INSANITY :
DOING THE SAME THING OVER AND OVER AGAIN, EXPECTING DEFFERENT RESULT
( ALBERT EINSTEIN 1879 1955 )
+/-* +/-
Infectious Bronchitis
Newcastle Disease
2. Viremia
3. Proventiculus
3. Intestines
Live vaccine
Killed vaccine
The vaccine homolgous with the challenge virus reduced oral shedding significantly more than the heterologous vaccines. NDV vaccines formulated to phylogenetically closer to the potential outbreak viruses may provide better ND control by reducing virus transmission from infected birds.
Newcastle Disease.
Prevention: (1) Control and reduce movement of visitors, workers, equipment and vehicles. (2) Change clothes and boots between flocks & houses. (3) Properly dispose sick and dead birds. Sick birds should be culled and slaughtered immediately. (4) Clean, disinfect and fumigate house and equipment between flocks. Leave the house empty and sealed for 21 days. (5) Vaccination with live vaccines, monitored by serology- detection of the presence and titre level of antibodies in serum.
ND vaccines (history)
Live 1946 - Mesogens Roakin (1948), Komarow, Herts, Mukteswar - Lentogens B1 introduced in 1950 Lasota introduced in 1952 Killed 1970 -1980 - longer immunity, adjuvants
Genotype II
Immunogenicity
Safety
Immunogenicity efficacious
Safety mild
ND vaccine efficacy
ND vaccine technology is more than 50 years old.
Seed virus can only protect against mortality, but cannot prevent replication, dissemination and shedding.
Serotypes
HN (HA activity) 1 Serotype (Cross reaction in serology and protection against mortality) Relationship between antigenicity and efficacy is still unclear.
Interpretation Maternal Immunity Live Prime Vaccine Poor Immunity Protection Against Mortality, No Protection Against Egg Production Drop Live Booster Vaccine
2048
11
Pathotypes
Before RNA Isolation & DNA Sequencing of the fusion cleavage site based on virulence in poultry
Pathotype ICPI
Viscerotropic velogenic Neurotropic velogenic Mesogenic Lentogenic Asymptomatic > 1.5 2.0 > 1.5 2.0 > 0.7 1.5 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.2
IVPI
2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0
MDT
< 60 hours < 60 hours > 60 h 90 hours > 90 hours > 90 hours
2 antigenic determinants
N RNA
Genotypes of NDV
University of Maryland
Length (nt)
Genotype
Virulence* V V V NA V
GenBank No.
AY562 985 EU604 253 AY444 497 AF503 645 AB42 6628
* V, virulent .
Cockatoo /90
92.3 92.0
LaSota
82.6 82.7 85.5
Ulster
85.1 84.6 86.7
PhyLMV 42
84.7 84.2 85.9
Genotype I II III IV V VI VII Class I
Class II
Genotypes of NDV
VII
Vaccine strains
II
R&D Vaksindo
V VII
VII, VIII, IX
VII
VII
R&D Vaksindo
GMT
Vaksinasi
21 w 8.58 7.58 8.22 6.88 23 w 9.00 7.75 8.60 7.35
Vaksinasi
25 w 8.95 8.40 8.16 7.06 28 w 10.47 8.40 8.40 7.68
Challenge
29 w 9.55 8.25 7.75 6.75 31 w 9.26 9.37 9.35 9.05 32 w 8.87 8.67 8.94 9.13
GMT
Vaksinasi
Challenge
Ag LS Ag ND Gen 7
48 w 8.59 7.93
50 w 9.52 8.88
53 w 9.20 8.35
55 w 9.41 9.18
56 w 10.55 9.40
Control bird (SPF): Diarrhea Conjunctivitis Tracheitis Swollen spleen Hemorrhagic proventiculus Hyperemia etc.
ETIKET Label
Day
2-4 ND-IB Live ND L ND-IB Live
Vaksin
Dosis
Aplikasi
1 ds Tetes Mata kanan 0,2cc Injeksi sc 1 ds Tetes Mata Kiri 1 ds Cekok 1 ds Cekok 1 ds Tetes Mata Kanan 1 ds Tusuk Sayap 0,5 cc Injeksi sc 0,5 cc Injeksi Dada Kanan 0,5 cc Injeksi Dada Kiri 1 ds Tetes Mata Kiri 0,5 cc Injeksi Dada Kiri 0.5 cc IM 0,5 cc Injeksi Dada Kanan 1 ds Tetes Mata Kiri 0,5 cc Injeksi Dada Kanan 0,5 cc Injeksi Dada Kiri 0,5 cc IM
Jenis
ND apatho-IB H-120
1 2 3
10 14 22-23
Gumboro Intermediate plus Gumboro Intermediate plus ND Live Pox ND-AI (H5NI) Coryza I (Alum) ND/IB Kill Variant ND-IB Live AI (H5NI) ND L ND/EDS/IBmulti ND-IB Live Coryza II (Alum) AI (H5NI) ND L
35
ND-AI Trivalen/Tetra ND-IBmulti ND Lasota-IB M41 Bivalent ND Genotype 7 ND/EDS/IBmulti ND Lasota-IB M41 Trivalen/Tetra Bivalent
6 10
42 70
11 13 15 16 18 19
80
105 112
In a Nutshell
1. Egg production drop main issue in breeders and layers 2. HI antigens suggests protection, but is not. 3. Diagnosis and sound vaccination program is important 4. Current ND vaccines protects against clinical signs, but cant prevent shedding and spread 5. Emergency live ND vaccination in face of challenge protects against clinical signs, but severely affects egg production 6. ND outbreaks in vaccinated poultry flocks are due to the emergence of antigenic variants (Genotype VII). Genotype VII vaccine is needed. 7. ND vaccine seed is out of date 8. Trial with inactivated ND vaccine (Genotype VII) proved against mortallity and egg production drop
Thank You