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Azza Zaki
Dr. Azza Zaki
It is pyramidal in shape, having a base, an apex & 4 walls.
Base: has 4 margins.
Apex: Optic canal.
4 Walls:
Roof
1- Orbital plate of frontal b. 2-Lesser wing of sphenoid
b.
Floor
1- Orbital surface of maxilla 2-Zygomatic bone
Orbital process of palatine b.
Medial wall
1- Lacrimal bone 2-Orbital plate of ethmoid b.Body of
sphenoid b.
Lateralwall
1- Zygomatic b. 2-Greater wing
Dr. Azza Zaki of sphenoid b
The orbital cavity communicates with the:
Anterior cranial fossa via ant. and post. ethmoidal
foramina
Middle cranial fossa via optic canal and the superior
orbital fissure
Infratemporal fossa via inferior orbital fissure
Nasal cavity via nasolacrimal canal
At the meeting of the medial wall &the roof, there are:
Optic canal (optic nerve, ophthalmic artery & meninges)
Posterior ethmoidal foramen
Anterior ethmoidal foramen
There are 2 fissures related to lateral wall:
Superior orbital fissure (between lesser & greater wing of
sphenoid, pass through it: lacrimal, frontal, trochlear, superior
division of oculomotor, nasociliary, inferior division of
oculomotor , abducent nerves & ophthalmic veins)
Inferior orbital fissure (between greater wing of sphenoid and
maxilla, passes through it: infra-orbital artery, maxillary nerve
, zygomatic nerve & emissary vein between inf. ophthalmic v.
& pterygoid plexus of veins.
Dr. Azza Zaki
The eyeball.
The extra-ocular
m.
Vessels:
Ophthalmic
artery &veins.
Nerves:
Sensory:
optic , Ophthalmic
& its branches(
lacrimal,frontal &
nasociliary)
and zygomatic
Motor: 3,4,6
Ciliary ganglion
Lacrimal
apparatus
Orbital fat Dr. Azza Zaki
There are 4 recti ,2
obloquies & the levator
palpebrae superioris.
1-Levator palpebrae
superioris
2- Superior rectus 1 6
3- Inferior rectus 2
4-Lateral rectus 5
4
5-Medial rectus
3
6- Superior oblique 7
7-Inferior oblique
Intra-ocular:
Dilator pupillae
Constrictor pupillae
Ciliary muscle
Dr. Azza Zaki
Origin:
roof of the orbit in front of the
optic canal
Insertion :
superficial lamella: front of
superior tarsus & skin of upper
eyelid &deep lamella: upper
border of superior tarsus &
superior fornix of conjunctiva
Action:
elevation of upper eyelid and
sup. fornix of conjunctiva
Nerve supply:
sup division of oculomotor n.&
smooth muscle by sympathetic
fibers from ( SCSG). Dr. Azza Zaki
Recti Muscles
Origin:
common tendinous
ring, according to
their position (the
lateral rectus m.
arises by 2 heads)
Insertion:
into the sclera, 6mm
from the limbus
(corneo-scleral
junction)
Dr. Azza Zaki
Superior Rectus
Action:
Elevation , adduction
Superior division of
oculomotor.
Action:
depress, adduct &
extort the eye
Nerve supply: inferior
division of oculomotor
nerve.
Lateral rectus :
Abduct the eye &
supplied by abducent
nerve
Medial rectus:
Adduct the eye &
supplied by inferior
division of oculomotor
Dr. Azza Zaki
Superior Oblique
origin:
Body of the sphenoid
Insertion:
its tendon passes
through the trochlea,
inserted into the sclera
behind the equator of
eyeball
Action:
directs the cornea
downwards and laterally
(depression. abduction
and intortion)
Nerve Supply:
Trochlear n.
Dr. Azza Zaki
Inferior Oblique
Origin:
anterior part of the floor of the
orbit
Insertion: runs laterally and
upwards, inserted into the sclera
behind the equator of the eyeball
Action:
directs the cornea upwards and
laterally (depress, abduct & extort
the eye).
Nerve Supply:
inferior division of oculomotor n.
Dr. Azza Zaki
S
S R
O
M
R
L
R
Dr. Azza Zaki
Action of the extra- ocular
muscles
About the vertical (X) axis the eye moves from
side-to-side
Temporal displacements = Abduction
Nasal displacements = Adduction
About the horizontal (Y) axis the eye moves
up and down
Downward displacements: Depression
Upward displacements: Elevation
About the anterior-posterior, or sagittal (Z)
axis the eye rotates
Temporal rotations of the superior cornea:
Extorsions Dr. Azza Zaki
The rod going through the The horizontal rod going
cornea represents the visual through the cornea represents
axis. The horizontal rod with the visual axis. The vertical
the arrow represents the rod with the arrow at the top
horizontal axis. As the eye represents the vertical axis. As
turns around the horizontal the eye turns around the
axis, the visual axis sweeps vertical axis, the visual axis
along the vertical plane. sweeps along the horizontal .
Elevation& depression Adduction & abduction
Dr. Azza Zaki
The third plane of
action are
Intortion and
extortion refer to
rotation around
the visual axis, as
illustrated below.
Intortion refers to
a nasal rotation
from the 12 o'clock
position. Extortion
refers to a
temporal rotation
from the 12 o'clock
position.
intortion or Dr. Azza Zaki
Anterior
view
Posterior
view
L M L M
Clinical
Testing
Posterior ciliary
Anterior ciliary
Lacrimal
Supratrochlear
Supraorbital
& sup.&inf.
Temporal.
Branches:
Communicating branch
to the ciliary ganglion
Long ciliary n. to dilator
pupillae m.
Posterior ethmoidal n.
Infratrochlear n.
Anterior ethmoidal n.
Medial &
lateral
check
ligaments
&
suspensor
y