Embedded System

Embedded system means the processor is embedded into

that application. An embedded product uses a microprocessor or microcontroller to do one task only. In an embedded system, there is only one application software that is typically burned into ROM.

 Exampleprinter, keyboard, video game player,

microwave oven etc.

Aircraft electronics Trains Medical systems

 Perform a single task Usually not general purpose. Increasingly high performance. Power, cost and reliability. HW-SW systems Software is used for more features and flexibility Hardware (processors, memory etc. are used for

performance and security.

1.

2. 3.

meeting the computing needs of the task efficiently and cost effectively speed, the amount of ROM and RAM, the number of I/O ports and timers, size, packaging, power consumption easy to upgrade cost per unit availability of software development tools assemblers, C compilers, technical support. wide availability and reliable sources of the microcontrollers

On-chip ROM for program code

Timer/Counter

On-chip RAM

Timer 1 Timer 0

CPU
Serial Port

OSC

Bus Control

4 I/O Ports

P0 P1 P2 P3

TxD RxD

Address/Data

P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 RST (RXD)P3.0 (TXD)P3.1 (INT0)P3.2 (INT1)P3.3 (T0)P3.4 (T1)P3.5 (WR)P3.6 (RD)P3.7 XTAL2 XTAL1 GND

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

8051 (8031)

40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21

Vcc P0.0(AD0) P0.1(AD1) P0.2(AD2) P0.3(AD3) P0.4(AD4) P0.5(AD5) P0.6(AD6) P0.7(AD7) EA ALE PSEN P2.7(A15) P2.6(A14) P2.5(A13) P2.4(A12) P2.3(A11) P2.2(A10) P2.1(A9) P2.0(A8)

 Vccpin 40

Vcc provides supply voltage to the chip.

The voltage source is +5V. GNDpin 20ground XTAL1 and XTAL2pins 19,18.

 Using a crystal oscillator

We can observe the frequency on the XTAL2 pin.

C2 XTAL2 30pF C1 XTAL1 30pF

GND

 RSTpin 9reset

It is an input pin and is active highnormally low.

The high pulse must be high at least 2. It is a power-on reset. Upon applying a high pulse to RST, the

microcontroller will reset and all values in registers will be lost. All values of 8051 registers will be Reset.

 /EApin 31external access

There is no on-chip ROM in 8031 and 8032 .
The /EA pin is connected to GND to indicate the code is

stored externally. /PSEN ALE are used for external ROM. For 8051, /EA pin is connected to Vcc. / means active low. /PSENpin 29program store enable This is an output pin and is connected to the OE pin of the ROM.

 ALEpin 30address latch enable It is an output pin and is active high. 8051 port 0 provides both address and data. The ALE pin is used for de-multiplexing the address

and data by connecting to the G pin of the 74LS373 latch. I/O port pins The four ports P0, P1, P2, and P3. Each port uses 8 pins. All I/O pins are bi-directional.

 The 8051 has four I/O ports Port 0 pins 32-39P0P0.0P0.7 Port 1pins 1-8 P1P1.0P1.7 Port 2pins 21-28P2P2.0P2.7 Port 3pins 10-17P3P3.0P3.7 Each port has 8 pins. These 8 bits form a byte. Each port can be used as input or output (bi-direction).

 CPU for Computers No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself ExampleIntels x86, Motorolas 680x0

Microprocessor
CPU is stand-alone,

Microcontroller
CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O

RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separate designer can decide on the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports. expansive versatility general-purpose

and timer are all on a single chip fix amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports for applications in which cost, power and space are critical single-purpose