A Presentation on

CABLE

CABLE
Most often refers to two or more wires running parallel and bonded, twisted, or braided together to form a single assembly.
In mechanics cables are known as wire ropes, are used for conveying force through tension. In electrical engineering cables are used to carry electric currents. In telecommunication an optical cable used for data transmission.

Cable Construction
Based on construction and cable properties, they can be sorted into the following:

Coaxial cable Twinax cable

Mineral-insulated copper-clad cable

Bowden cable

Multicore cable (consist of more than one wire and is covered by cable jacket)

Twisted pair

 Non-metallic sheathed cable (or non-metallic building wire, NM, NM-B) Metallic sheathed cable (or armoured cable, AC, or BX) Single cable Special Construction Arresting cable Direct-buried cable Elevator cable

Constructional materials for polymer insulated cables

Metallic conductors- Copper, aluminum Polymeric materials for insulation PVC XLPE EPR Silicone Rubber Blends (e.g. EVA+EPDM) Protective Sheaths Thermoplastic Sheaths Polyamide and Polyurethane Elastomer Sheath Armor- Steel, Aluminum Electrical Screening Semiconducting Shields Metallic Screening

Designation
It includes Abbreviated description of the cable design and its component materials Number of cores by nominal cross-sectional area of conductor (mm2) Indications of shape and type of conductor Rated Voltage (kV) Voltage designation Additional symbols for cables

Cable Design
Current carrying capacity and selection of cross sectional area Electrical stress and Insulation Thickness Dielectric Properties Compound Design

Manufacturing Process
Conductor forming includes drawing and annealing of wires, coating (tinning and plating) of wires Insulating and sheathing (consists of mixing/compounding, extrusion and curing) Assembling including laying up of cores, taping, braiding and armoring

Fig. depicting manufacturing process for PVC insulated cables

Testing
The Insulated Cable Engineers Association (ICEA) develops cable standards for the electric power, control and telecommunications industries which includes Characteristics of insulated cable Physical and electrical properties of conductors used in overhead lines Cable tray flame tests Communications wire cabling Telecommunications cable Partial discharge test procedures AC/DC resistance ratios Fiber optics Telephone cordage

Special Purpose Elastomeric Cables

Fire Survival Cables Silicone rubber insulated cables Mica/glass and EPR insulated cables Radiation Resistant Cables

Application
Audio-visual cable Bowden cable for bicycle Communications cable Computer cable Mechanical cable Sensing cable Submersible cable Wire rope (wire cable)

References
Anil K. Bhowmick, Malcolm M. Hall, Henry A. Benarey, 1994, Rubber Products Manufacturing Technology, Marcel Dekker Inc. D. Pollard, C. M. Blow, C. Hepburn, 1985, Cables, Rubber Technology and Manufacture, 2nd edition, Butterworths for the Institution of the Rubber Industry http://www.ihs.com/products/industry-standards/organizations/icea/index.aspx