Protection of Transformer

A: Electrical Protection:
Differential Protection HT & LT Over Current Protection Restricted Earth Fault Protection Standby Earth Fault Protection

B: Mechanical Protection:
Buchholz Protection Pressure Relief Device Explosion Vent Oil Surge Relay

C: Thermal Protection:
OT/WT Protection Overload Trimming Protection

D: Lightning Protection:
Lightning Arrestors

Transformer Differential Protection

Merz-Prize 95% Differential Protection HT/LT CTs connected differentially CTs on Star side connected in delta and vice-versa CT mismatch compensated by slope setting In-rush currents taken care by Harmonic Restraint Unit Stable for through faults High set unit takes care heavy uncleared through faults High Speed, reliable, dedicated but expensive protection Not very sensitive for earth faults closer to neutral end

Transformer Over Current Protection

Simple Over Current Relays on HT & LT. HT Over current isolates transformer. LT Over current relives load and the transformer remains energized from HT Can mal-operate during inrush and for through faults if not set properly. Unstable for through faults. Backup protection for uncleared feeder faults. Moderate Speed, dependable inexpensive protection

Transformer-Restricted & Standby Earth Fault Protection

Restricted Earth fault Protection:
Over Current relay connected across the summation of 3 and Neutral CT Very sensitive, dedicated, reliable, expensive protection for Star windings.

Stand by Earth Fault Protection:

Over Current relay connected on the neutral CT Back up for un-cleared feeder earth faults In-expensive and simple protection

Transformer-Mechanical Protection
1. Buchholz Protection:
Located on the oil pipe connecting the main tank with conservator above the tank Gas evolution principle Alarm and trip at different levels of gas evolution Very sensitive, inexpensive, reliable for incipient evolving faults

2. Pressure Relief Device:

Relives the hydraulic pressure developed inside due to faults Slow protection

3. Oil Surge Relay:

Operates due to Oil surges caused by internal faults

Transformer- Thermal Protection

- Operates due to thermal stresses developed due to overload. - Can detect inadequate cooling. - The temperatures of the Oil /winding simulated through image coil Can detect inadequate cooling. - Protects the transformer from thermal overloads - Relieves the load fully or partially - Starts/stops the oil pumps and fans

Transformer -Lightning Protection

Lightning Arrestors & Spark Gaps:
Protects from lightning and switching over voltages Spark gaps for small and non-vital transformers Lightning arrestors for large and vital transformers