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Gio trnh: iu khin lp trnh

Chng 1: l thuyt c s Chng 2: Mt s ng dng mch logic

trong iu khin
Chng 3: L lun chung v iu khin logic lp trnh PLC Chng 4: B iu khin PLC CPM1A

Chng 5: B iu khin PLC - S7-200 Chng 6: B iu khin PLC - S7-300 Chng 7: CC NG DNG TRONG CN

Chng 1: l thuyt c s

1.1. Nhng khi nim c bn 1.2. Cc phng php biu din hm logic 1.3. Cc phng php ti thiu ho hm logic 1.4. Cc h mch logic 1.5.Grafcet m t mch trnh t trong cng nghip
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1.1. Nhng khi nim c bn 1.1.1. Khi nim v logic hai trng thi 1.1.2. Cc hm logic c bn 1.1.3. Cc php tnh c bn 1.1.4. Tnh cht v mt s h thc c bn
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iu khin lp trnh Chng 1: L Thuyt C S 1.1. Nhng khi nim c bn 1.1.1. Khi nim v logic hai trng thi Trong cuc sng cc s vt v hin tng th hai trng thi nh: sch v bn, t v r, gii v dt, tt v xu... Trong k thut c khi nim v hai trng thi: ng v ct nh ng in v ct in, ng my v ngng my...
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Trong ton hc ta dng hai gi tr: 0 v 1, ta gi cc gi tr 0 hoc 1 l cc gi tr logic. Cc nh bc hc xy dng cc c s ton hc tnh ton cc hm v cc bin ch ly hai gi tr 0 v 1 ny, hm v bin c gi l hm v bin logic, c s ton hc tnh ton hm v bin logic gi l i s logic cng c tn l i s Boole.

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1.1.2. Cc hm logic c bn

Mt hm y f ( x 1 , x 2 ,..., x n ) vi cc bin x1, x2, ... xn ch nhn hai gi tr: 0 hoc 1 v hm y cng ch nhn hai gi tr: 0 hoc 1 th gi l hm logic. y f (x) 1.1.2.1. Hm logic mt bin: Vi bin x s nhn hai gi tr: 0 hoc 1, nn hm y c 4 kh nng hay thng gi l 4 hm y0, y1, y2, y3. Cc kh nng v cc k hiu mch rle v in t ca hm mt bin nh trong bng 1.1.
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1.1.2.2. Hm logic hai bin y f ( x1 , x 2 ) Vi hai bin logic x1, x2, mi bin nhn hai gi tr 0 v 1, nh vy c 16 t hp logic to thnh 16 hm. Cc hm ny c th hin trn bng1.2.

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y f ( x1 , x 2 ,..., x n ) 1.1.2.3. Hm logic n bin Vi hm logic n bin, mi bin nhn mt trong hai gi tr 0 hoc 1 nn ta c 2n t hp bin, mi t hp bin li nhn hai gi tr 0 hoc 1, do vy s hm logic tng l:

Ta thy: 1 bin c 4 kh nng to hm, 2 bin c 16 kh nng to hm, th 3 bin c 256 kh nng to hm, nh vy, khi s bin tng th s hm c kh nngBack to thnh rt lnC1 T1 Next
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1.1.3. Cc php tnh c bn Php ph nh (o): k hiu bng du - pha trn k hiu ca bin. Php cng (tuyn): k hiu bng du + (song song) Php nhn (hi): k hiu bng du . (ni tip).

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1.1.4. Tnh cht v mt s h thc c bn 1.1.4.1. Cc tnh cht Tnh cht ca i s logic c th hin bn lut c bn l: + lut hon v, + lut kt hp, + lut phn phi + lut nghch o.

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+ lut hon v
x1 x 2 x 2 x1

x 1 .x 2 x 2 .x 1

+ lut kt hp
x1 x 2 x 3 ( x1 x 2 ) x 3 x1 ( x 2 x 3 )

x1.x 2 .x 3 ( x1.x 2 ).x 3 x1.(x 2 .x 3 ) + lut phn phi


( x1 x 2 ).x 3 x1.x 3 x 2 .x 3

x1 x 2 .x 3 ( x1 x 2 ).( x1 x 3 ) Kim tra tnh ng n ca lut phn phi


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+ Lut nghch o tng qut: (nh l De Morgan)

x1.x 2 .x 3 .... x1 x 2 x 3 ...

x1 x 2 x 3 ... x1.x 2 .x 3 ...

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1.1.4.2. Cc h thc c bn Mt s h thc c bn thng dng trong i s logic c cho bng 1.5:

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1.2. Cc phng php biu din hm logic 1.2.1. Phng php biu din bng bng trng thi 1.2.2. Phng php biu din hnh

hc
1.2.3. Phng php biu din bng biu thc i s 1.2.4. Phng php biu din bng
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1.2.2.Phng php biu din hnh hc + Hm n bin c biu din trong khng gian n chiu, + t hp bin c biu din thnh mt im trong khng gian. + Phng php ny rt phc tp khi s bin ln nn t dng.

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1.2.3. Biu din bng biu thc i s Mt hm logic n bin bt k bao gi cng c th biu din thnh cc hm tng chun y v tch chun y . + Hm tng chun l hm cha tng cc tch m mi tch c tt c cc bin ca hm. f x1.x 2 .x 3 x1.x 2 .x 3 x1.x 2 .x 3 x1.x 2 .x 3 V d: + Hm tch chun l hm cha tch cc tng m mi tng u cc f ( x1 x2 x 3 )( x1 x 2 x 3c )( x1 x 2 tt x 3 )( xc x 1 2 x3 ) bin ca hm. V d:
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1.2.4. Biu din bng bng Karnaugh (ba can) Nguyn tc xy dng bng Karnaugh l: biu din hm logic n bin cn thnh lp mt bng c 2n , mi tng ng vi mt t hp bin. nh s th t cc trong bng tng ng vi th t cc t hp bin. Cc cnh nhau hoc i xng nhau ch cho php khc nhau v gi tr ca 1 bin. Trong cc ghi gi tr ca hm tng Back C1 T2 Next ng vi gi tr t hp bin.
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V d : bng Karnaugh cho hm ba bin trn nh bng 1.7 sau:

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1.3. Cc phng php ti thiu ho hm logic Phi quan tm n vn ti thiu ho hm logic. Bi v: + Cng mt gi tr hm logic c th c nhiu hm khc nhau, nhiu cch biu din khc nhau, + Nhng ch tn ti mt cch biu din gn nht, ti u v s bin v s s hng hay tha s c gi l dng ti thiu. Ti thiu ho hm logic mang ngha kinh t v k thut ln.
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V d: Hai s hnh 1.3 u c chc nng nh nhau.


x1
x2
p

p
=

x1 x2

y b,
Hnh 1.3

a,

C hai nhm phng php l:


Phng php bin i i s Phng php dng thut ton.
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1.3.1.Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic bng bin i i s phng php ny ta phi da vo cc tnh cht v cc h thc c bn ca i s logic thc hin ti gin cc hm logic. Nhng do tnh trc quan ca phng php nn nhiu khi kt qu a ra vn khng khng nh r c l ti thiu hay cha. Nh vy, y khng phi l phng php cht ch f ho x1x 2 qu x1xtrnh cho php t ng ti thiu ho. 2 x1x 2 V d: cho hm: (x1x 2 x1x 2 ) (x1x 2 x1x 2 )
x 2 (x1 x1 ) x1 (x 2 x 2 ) x1 x 2
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1.3.2.Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic dng thut ton Phng php dng bng Karnaugh: y l phng php thng dng v n gin nht, nhng ch tin hnh c vi h c s bin. Phng php Quine Mc. Cluskey: y l phng php c tnh tng qut, cho php ti thiu ho mi hm logic vi s lng bin vo ln

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1.4. Grafcet m t mch trnh t trong cng nghip 1.4.1. nh ngha Grafcet 1.4.2. Mt s k hiu trong Grafcet 1.4.3. Cch xy dng mng Grafcet

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1.4.1. nh ngha Grafcet Grafcet l t vit tt ca ting Php Graphe fonctionnel de commande tape transition (chui chc nng iu khin giai on - chuyn tip), do hai c quan AFCET (Lin hp Php v tin hc, kinh t v k thut) v ADEPA (t chc nh nc v pht trin nn sn xut t ng ho) hp tc son tho thng 11/1982 c ng k t chc tiu chun ho Php.

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Nh vy, mng grafcet c tiu chun ho v c cng nhn l mt ngn ng thch hp cho vic m t hot ng dy ca qu trnh t ng ho trong sn xut. Mng grafcet m t thnh chui cc giai on trong chu trnh sn xut. Mng grafcet cho mt qu trnh sn xut l mt hnh khp kn t trng thi u n trng thi cui v t trng thi cui v trng thi u.

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1.4.2.Mt s k hiu trong grafce Mt trng thi (giai on) c biu din bng mt hnh vung c nh s th t ch trng thi. Gn lin vi biu tng trng thi l mt hnh ch nht bn cnh, trong hnh ch nht ny c ghi cc tc ng ca trng thi hnh 1.8a v b. Mt trng thi c th tng ng vi mt hoc nhiu hnh ng ca qu trnh sn xut. Trng thi khi ng c th hin bng 2 hnh vung lng vo nhau, th t thng l 1 nh hnh 1.18c
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Trng thi hot ng (tch cc) c thm du . trong hnh vung trng thi hnh 1.8d.
3
Khi ng ng c

Hm ng c

3.

a,

b,
Hnh 1.8

c,

d,

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Vic chuyn tip t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc ch c th c thc hin khi cc iu kin chuyn tip c tho mn. Chng hn, vic chuyn tip gia cc trng thi 3 v 4 hnh 1.9a c thc hin khi tc ng ln bin b, chuyn tip gia trng thi 5 v 6 c thc hin sn tng ca bin c hnh 1.9b, hnh 1.9c l tc ng sn gim ca bin d.

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Chuyn tip gia trng thi 9 v 10 hnh 1.9d s xy ra sau 2s k t khi c tc ng cui cng ca trng thi 9 c thc hin
3 b 4 6 5 c 8

7 d

9
t/q/2 10 s

a ,

b c, , Hnh 1.9

d ,

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K hiu phn nhnh nh hnh 1.10: C hai loi l r nhnh v song song. S r nhnh l phn s c hai iu kin lin h gia ba trng thi nh hnh 1.10a v b. S song song l s ch c mt iu kin lin h gia 3 trng thi nh hnh 1.10c v d. hnh 1.10a, khi trng thi 1 ang hot ng, nu chuyn tip t12 tho mn th trng thi 2 hot ng; nu chuyn tip t13 tho mn th trng thi 3 hot ng.
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hnh 1.10b nu trng thi 7 ang hot ng v c t79 th trng thi 9 hot ng, nu trng thi 8 ang hot ng v c t89 th trng thi 9 hot ng. hnh 1.10c nu trng thi 1 ang hot ng v c t123 th trng thi 2 v 3 ng thi hot ng. hnh 1.10d nu trng thi 7 v 8 ang cng hot ng v c t789 th trng thi 9 hot ng.

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1.
t12 2 a, 3 t13

7. t79
9

8. t89

b,

1.
t123 2 c,
Hnh 1.10
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9
d,

8.
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K hiu bc nhy nh hnh 1.11. + Khi trng thi 2 ang hot ng nu c iu kin a th qu trnh s chuyn hot ng t trng thi 2 sang trng thi 5 b qua cc trng thi trung gian 3 v 4, nu iu kin a khng c tho mn th qu trnh chuyn tip theo trnh t 2, 3, 4, 5. + Hnh 1.11b khi trng thi 8 ang hot ng nu tho mn iu kin f th qu trnh chuyn sang trng thi 9, nu khng tho mn iu kin 8 th qu trnh quay li trng 7.
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2
a

a
3
b 4 c 8 7

d e f
9

5
a,
Hnh 1.11

b,

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1.4.3.Cch xy dng mng grafcet xy dng mng grafcet cho mt qu trnh no th ta phi: + M t mi hnh vi t ng bao gm cc giai on v cc iu kin chuyn tip, + La chn cc dn ng v cc cm bin ri m t chng bng cc k hiu, + Sau kt ni chng li theo cch m t ca grafcet.

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V d: kp cht chi tit c v khoan trn mt l hnh 1.12 th trc tin ngi iu khin n nt khi ng d khi ng chu trnh cng ngh t ng, qu trnh bt u t giai on 1: + Giai on S1: pttng A chuyn ng theo chiu A+ kp cht chi tit c. Khi lc kp t yu cu c xc nh bi cm bin p sut a1 th chuyn sang giai on 2.

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+ Giai on S2: u khoan B i xung theo chiu B+ v mi khoan quay theo chiu R th qu trnh chuyn sang giai on 3. + Giai on S3: khi khoan su, xc nh bng nt b1 th kt thc ng tc khoan v mi khoan i ln theo chiu B- v ngng quay. Khi mi khoan ln cao, xc nh bng b0 th khoan dng v chuyn sang giai on 4. + Giai on S4: pttng A tr v theo chiu A- ni lng chi tit, v tr tr v c xc nh bi a0, khi pttng ngng chuyn ng, kt thc mt chu k gia cng.
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Mng Grafcet nh hnh 1.13

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1.4.4. Phn tch mng grafcet 1.4.4.1.Qui tc vt qua, chuyn tip Mt trng thi trc ch chuyn tip sang trng thi sau khi n ang hot ng (tch cc) v c iu kin chuyn tip. Khi qu trnh chuyn tip sang trng thi sau th giai on sau hot ng (tch cc) v s kh b hot ng ca trng thi trc (giai on trc ht tch cc).

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Vi cc iu kin hot ng nh trn th c nhiu khi s khng hot ng c hoc hot ng khng tt. Ngi ta gi: + S khng hot ng c l s c nhnh cht. (S c nhnh ch c th vn hot ng nu nh khng i vo nhnh cht). + S khng sch l s m ti mt v tr no c pht lnh hai ln.

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V d 1:
sch)

(s c nhnh cht, s sch v s khng

S hnh 1.14 l s c nhnh cht. S ny khng th lm vic c do S2 v S4 khng th cng tch cc v gi s h ang trng thi ban u S0 nu c iu kin 3 th S0 ht tch cc v chuyn sang S3 tch cc. Sau nu c iu kin 4 th S3 ht tch cc v S4 tch cc. Nu lc ny c iu kin 1 th S1 cng khng th tch cc c v S0 ht tch cc. Do khng bao gi S2 tch cc c na m S5 tch cc th phi c S2 v S4 tch cc km iu kin 5 nh vy h s Next nmBack im v tr S4. C1 T5
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S0 1
S1 2 S2 S4 S3 4 3

5
S5

6
Hnh 1.14. S c nhnh cht
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S0
1

S0 1 3
S3

S1 2 S2 5 S5

S3 3 S4 4

S1

2 S2 5
S5

4
S4

6
Hnh 1.15. S khng sch
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1.4.4.2. Phn tch mng grafcet Nh phn tch trn th nhiu khi mng grafcet khng hot ng c hoc hot ng khng tt. Nhng i vi cc mng khng hot ng c hoc hot ng khng tt vn c th lm vic c nu nh khng i vo nhnh cht. Trong thc t sn xut mt h thng c th ang hot ng rt tt, nhng nu v l do no m h thng phi thay i ch lm vic (do s c tng phn hoc do thay i cng ngh...) th c th h thng s khng hot ng c nu l nhnh cht. Back C1 T5 Next
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Vi cch phn tch s nh trn th kh nh gi c cc mng c phc tp ln. Do ta phi xt mt cch phn tch mng grafcet l dng phng php gin im. thnh lp gin im ta i theo cc bc sau: + V mt u tin cho gin im, ghi s 0. Xut pht t giai on u trn grafcet c coi l ang tch cc, giai on ny ang c du *, khi c mt iu kin c thc hin, s c cc giai on mi c tch cc th:
- nh du * vo cc giai on va c tch cc trn grafcet.
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- Xo du * giai on ht tch cc trn grafcet. - To mt mi trn gin im sau iu kin va thc hin. - Ghi ht cc giai on tch cc ca h (c du *) vo mi va to.

+ T cc thnh lp khi mt iu kin no li c thc hin th cc giai on tch cc li c chuyn i, ta li lp li bn bc nh trn. + Qu trnh c nh vy tip tc, ta c th v hon thin c gin im (s to thnh mch lin tc, sau khi kt thc li tr v
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Nhn vo gin im ta s c cc kt lun sau: - Nu trong qu trnh v n giai on no khng th v tip c na (khng hon thin s ) th s l s c nhnh cht, - Nu v c ht m v tr no c cc im lm vic cng tn th l s khng sch - Nu v c ht v khng c v tr no c cc im lm vic cng tn th l s lm vic tt, s sch.
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V d 1: V gin im cho s sch hnh 1.17a.


S0
1
0

S1 2 S2.

S3 4 S4. 5

2 2,3 4

1,3

4
1,4

2,4

5 5 6

S5
6

a,
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b, Hnh 1.17. Gin im cho s sch


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V d 2: V gin im cho s c nhnh cht hnh 1.14 c gin hnh 1.18


S0 1 S1 S3. 3 4 1
1

3
3
4

2
S2

S4
5 S5 6
Hnh 1.14

2 2 4

Hnh 1.18

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V d 3: Gin im s khng sch hnh 1.5


0

1
2 5 6 2
133

S0 1
4
1,5

1,3

3
1,4

2,3

3 2
2,4

S1
6
1,0

S3 2 3 S4 5
S5

3,5

3 5
4,5

4 2
2,5

0,3

S2
1
113

3 6
0,4

4 5
5,5

6 2 6 5
2,0

3
134

4 6
0,5

1
123

6 6
0,0

5,0

6
Hnh 1.15

Hnh 1.19

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Chng 2 Mt s ng dng mch logic trong iu khin 2.1. Cc thit b iu khin

2.2. Cc s khng ch ng c rto lng sc 2.3. Cc s khng ch ng c khng ng b rto dy qun 2.4. Khng ch ng c mt chiu

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2.1. Cc thit b iu khin 2.1.1. Cc nguyn tc iu khin Vic iu khin thng c thc hin vi cc ng c in, ng c in va l i tng iu khin, va l ng lc ca mch iu khin. Ta xt cc nguyn tc iu khin iu khin ng c in. - Nguyn tc thi gian: Vic ng ct thay i tc ng c da theo nguyn tc thi gian. Phn t cm bin l rle thi gian.
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- Nguyn tc tc : Vic ng ct thay i tc ng c da vo tc tc thi ca ng c. Phn t cm bin l rle tc . - Nguyn tc dng in: Vic ng ct da vo dng in ng c in. Phn t cm bin v khng ch c bn y l rle dng in. Mi nguyn tc iu khin u c u nhc im ring, ty tng trng hp c th m chn cc phng php cho ph hp.
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2.1.2. Cc thit b iu khin iu khin s lm vic ca cc thit b cn phi c cc thit b iu khin. ng ct khng thng xuyn ta thng dng ptmt. ptmt l thit b ng ct bng tay c b phn bo v qu ti. ng ct thng xuyn ta dng cng tc t (khi ng t), cng tc t tc dng nh lc ht in t.
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bo v ta dng cc r le, tu theo nguyn l tc ng ngi ta ch to nhiu loi thit b iu khin khc nhau nh rle dng in, rle in p, rle thi gian.... Tu theo trng thi tip im ngi ta chia ra cc loi tip im khc nhau. Mt s k hiu thng gp nh bng 2.1.

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2.2. Cc s khng ch ng c rto lng sc 2.2.1. S khng ch n gin A


B C CD D T4 KN T1 T2 T3 N1 N2 N 3 N4 T5
N

KT

N5

RN1 RN2

RN2

RN1

Hnh 2.1
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2.2.2. S khng ch o chu c gim st tc A D


B C

P
P1 CD P2
KT1 KN1

KT2 KN2

N5 T4
KN3

RN1 RN2

T1 T2

T3

N1 N2 N3

KT3

N4

T5

RN2

RN1

P3 C

KT KN

Hnh 2.2
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2.2.3. Khng ch khi ng ng c roto lng sc kiu i ni / c o chiu


D A B C T4
KT2 KN2

KT1 KN1

N5

T1

N1

S1 T6

N4 Tg1

T5 5

N S

N6

Tg2

S5

4 6

Tg

Hnh 2.3
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2.3. Cc s khng ch ng c khng ng b rto dy qun 2.3.1. Khi ng ng c rto dy qun theo nguyn tc thi gian
K1 K2 K3 D K K4 K5 RN2 RN1

K 1Tg 1K 2Tg

RN2

RN1

2K3
1Tg

C
2K1 1K1 2K2 R1 1K2 R2

1K3 2Tg 2K4

2K

Hnh 2.4
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2.3.2. Thay i tc ng c rto dy qun bng thay i in tr ph


+
H1 H2
-

1S1
2S 3S
K5 K4 H3
3 1

KC
2

RN2

RN1

R RN2

1S
3S1

RN1
5 6 8 10

2S 3S 1K

2S1

C
2K1 2K2

7 9 11

r1
1K1 1K2

1K
12

2K
1Tg 2Tg

2S 3S
0 1 2

a,
3 2
KC

r2
3 2
1-2 5-6 9-10 12

3
3-4 3 7-8 11-

2S

3S

1Tg

2Tg

1 0 1

c,

b,

Hnh 2.5
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2.4. Khng ch ng c in mt chiu


-

2K1

1K1
r2

RN K2

C
H1 Rh

RN

r1

K1

K3
2Tg 3Tg1 1K2 K4 1Tg1 2Tg1

1Tg

1K 2K 3Tg

a,

b,

Hnh 2.6
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Chng 3

l lun chung v iu khin logic lp trnh PLC

3.1. M u 3.2. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt b PLC 3.3. Cc vn v lp trnh 3.4. nh gi u nhc im ca PLC

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3.1. M u S pht trin ca k thut iu khin t ng hin i v cng ngh iu khin logic kh trnh da trn c s pht trin ca tin hc m c th l s pht trin ca k thut my tnh. K thut iu khin logic kh trnh PLC (Programmable Logic Control) c pht trin t nhng nm 1968 -1970. Trong gia on u cc thit b kh trnh yu cu ngi s dng phi c k thut in t, phi c trnh cao. Ngy nay cc thit b PLC pht trin mnh m v c mc ph cp cao.
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73

Cc nh thit k PLC phi lp trnh sn sao cho chng trnh iu khin c th nhp bng cch s dng ngn ng n gin. Ngi vn hnh nhp chng trnh vo PLC. Thit b iu khin PLC s gim st thc hin cc quy tc iu khin c lp trnh. Cc PLC tng t my tnh, nhng my tnh c ti u ho cho cc tc v tnh ton v hin th, cn PLC c chuyn bit cho cc tc v iu khin v mi trng cng nghip. V vy PLC c thit k bn, c sn giao din vo ra, c lp trnh d dng vi ngn ng iu khin d hiu, ch yu gii Back T1 v chuyn Next quyt cc php ton C2 logic mch.
74

V c bn chc nng ca b iu khin logic PLC cng ging nh chc nng ca b iu khin thit k trn c s cc rle cng tc t hoc trn c s cc khi in t. Ring i vi my cng c v ngi my cng nghip th b PLC c th lin kt vi b iu khin s NC hoc CNC hnh thnh b iu khin thch nghi. Trong h thng trung tm gia cng, mi quy trnh cng ngh u c b PLC iu khin tp trung.
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75

3.2. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt b PLC 3.2.1. Cu hnh phn cng H thng PLC thng dng c nm b phn c bn gm: b x l, b nh, b ngun, giao din vo/ra v thit b lp trnh. S h thng nh hnh 3.1
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76

Thit b lp trnh
B nh Giao din vo Giao din ra

B x l

Ngun cung cp

Hnh 3.1

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3.2.1.1. B x l B x l bin dch cc tn hiu vo v thc hin cc hot ng iu khin theo chng trnh c lu trong b nh ca CPU, truyn cc quyt nh di dng tn hiu hot ng n cc thit b ra. Nguyn l lm vic ca b x l tin hnh theo tng bc tun t. B x l lin kt cc tn hiu vo v a kt qu ra u ra. Khng ch s lm vic tun t bng b m chng trnh. Mt chu k lm vic gi l thi gian qut (Scan), thi gian qut ph thuc dung lng b nh, vo tc CPU. Chu C2 k thi gian qut nh hnh T2 Back 78
Next

4. Chuyn d liu t b m o ra thit b ngoi vi 3. Truyn thng v kim tra li


Hnh 3.2

1. Nhp d liu t TB ngoi vi vo b m o 2. Thc hin chng trnh

S thao tc tun t ca chng trnh dn n mt thi gian tr trong khi b m ca chng trnh i qua mt chu trnh y , sau bt u li t u.
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79

nh gi thi gian tr bng vic o thi gian qut ca mt chng trnh di 1Kbyte. Thi gian tr l ch tiu so snh cc PLC. Khi thi gian tr gy nh hng n qu trnh iu khin th phi c bin php x l nh: + Lp nhiu ln gi quan trng trong thi gian mt ln qut, + iu khin cc thng tin chuyn giao b bt i nhng ln gi t quan trng, Nu cc gii php trn khng tho mn th phi dng PLC c thi gian qut ngn hn.
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3.2.1.2.B ngun B ngun c nhim v chuyn i in p AC thnh in p thp cho b vi x l v cho cc mch in trong cc module cn li. Cc in p ra thng l 5v cung cp cho cc vi x l, 24v cp cho cc modul.

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81

3.2.1.3. Thit b lp trnh Thit b lp trnh c s dng lp cc chng trnh iu khin cn thit sau c chuyn cho PLC. Thit b lp trnh c th l thit b lp trnh chuyn dng, c th l thit b lp trnh cm tay gn nh, c th l phn mm c ci t trn my tnh c nhn.

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3.2.1.4. B nh B nh l ni lu gi chng trnh s dng cho cc hot ng iu khin. Cc dng b nh c th l RAM, ROM, EPROM. Ngi ta lun ch to ngun d phng cho RAM duy tr chng trnh trong trng hp mt in ngun, thi gian duy tr tu thuc vo tng PLC c th. B nh cng c th c ch to thnh module cho php d dng thch nghi vi cc chc nng iu khin c kch c khc nhau, khi cn m rng c th cm thm.
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83

3.2.1.5. Giao din vo/ra Giao din vo l ni nhn thng tin t cc thit b ngoi vi. Tn hiu vo c th t cc cng tc, cc b cm bin nhit , cc t bo quang in.... Tn hiu ra c th cung cp cho cc cun dy cng tc t, cc rle, cc van in t, cc ng c nh... Tn hiu vo/ra c th l tn hiu ri rc, tn hiu lin tc, tn hiu logic...

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84

Nt bm v cc cng tc logic gii hn

B chuyn mch, cng tc hnh trnh, gii hn

tn Cc tham s Cc iu khin hiu bo nh t0, p sut, ng ... p lc

B PLC
Cc cun ht
Cc n

Cc van

Hnh 3.3

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85

Cch ly tn hiu vo Mi im vo ra c mt a ch duy nht c PLC s dng. Cc knh vo/ra c cc chc nng cch ly v iu ho tn hiu sao cho cc b cm bin v cc b tc ng c th ni trc tip vi chng m khng cn thm mch in khc. Tn hiu vo thng c ghp cch in (cch ly) nh linh kin quang nh hnh 3.4
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86

Di tn hiu nhn vo cho cc PLC c ln c th l 5v, 24v, 110v, Ghp ni PLC quang 220v. Cc PLC Tn Tn hiu hiu c nh thng n vo CPU ch nhp Diode tn hiu 24v bo
v Mch phn p

Hnh 3.4
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Cch ly tn hiu ra Tn hiu ra cng c ghp cch ly, c th cch ly kiu rle nh hnh 3.5a, cch ly kiu quang nh hnh 3.5b. Tn hiu ra c th l tn hiu chuyn mch 24v, 100mA; 110v, 1A mt chiu; thm ch 240v, 1A xoay chiu tu loi PLC. Tuy nhin, vi PLC c ln di tn hiu ra c th thay i bng cch la chn cc module ra thch hp.

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Rle

Tn hiu ra

Ghp ni quang

Cu ch

Tn hiu ra

PLC
a, b,
Hnh 3.5
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PLC

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89

3.2.2. Cu to chung ca PLC Cc PLC c hai kiu cu to c bn l: kiu hp n v kiu modulle ni ghp.
cp ni vi bn ngoi

oooooooooooo

Chn cm vo

oooooooooooo

Chn cm ra

Hnh 3.6

B ngun

B x l

Cc module vo/ra...

Hnh 3.7
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90

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6
IN 0CH 00
11 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

omron

2 3

PWR RUN

ERR COMM

ALM

SYSMAC CPM1A

OUT 10CH

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

Hnh khi mt trc PLC CPM1A

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PLC S7-200

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PLC S7-300
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PLC S7-400

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Logo! OBA4
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3.3. Cc vn v lp trnh 3.3.1. Khi nim chung S khc nhau chnh gia b iu khin kh trnh PLC v cng ngh rle hoc bn dn l ch k thut nhp chng trnh vo b iu khin nh th no. Trong iu khin rle, b iu khin c chuyn i mt cch c hc nh u ni dy iu khin cng. Cn vi PLC th vic lp trnh c thc hin thng qua mt thit b lp trnh hoc my tnh v mt ngoi vi. Qui trnh lp trnh nh hnh 3.8
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Biu chc nng

Biu thi gian

Cn b k thut

Biu cng tc

Biu bn dn

Biu dy

T iu khin

PLC

B nh

My vi tnh

B lp trnh

Hnh 3.8

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Vic la chn m hnh no trong cc m hnh trn cho thch hp l tu thuc vo loi PLC. a s cc thit b lu hnh trn th trng hin nay l dng m hnh dy hoc biu ni dy. Nhng PLC hin i cho php ngi dng chuyn t mt phng php nhp ny sang mt phng php nhp khc ngay trong qu trnh nhp. Mi nh ch to u c nhng thit k v phng thc thao tc thit b lp trnh ring, v th khi c mt loi PLC mi th phi c thi gian v cn phi c hun luyn lm quen vi n.
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3.3.2. Cc phng php lp trnh T cc cch m t h t ng cc nh ch to PLC son tho ra cc phng php lp trnh khc nhau. Cc phng php lp trnh u c thit k n gin, gn vi cc cch m t c bit n. Ni chung c ba phng php lp trnh c bn l: + phng php bng lnh STL, + phng php biu bc thang LAD, + phng php lu iu khin CSF. Trong , hai phng php bng lnh STL v biu bc thang LAD c dng ph bin hn c.
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3.3.2.1. Mt s k hiu chung 5 4 Cu trc lnh: 004 A I 00.2 Mt lnh thng c 2 1 3 ba phn chnh: Hnh 3.9 1. a ch tng i ca lnh (thng khi lp trnh thit b lp trnh t a ra) 2. Phn lnh l ni dung thao tc m PLC phi tc ng ln i tng ca lnh, trong lp trnh LAD th phn ny t th hin trn thanh LAD, khng ghi ra.
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3. i tng lnh, l phn m lnh tc ng theo yu cu iu khin, trong i tng lnh li c hai phn: 4. Loi i tng, c trng hp sau loi i tng c du :, loi i tng nh tn hiu vo, tn hiu ra, c (rle ni)... 5. Tham s ca i tng lnh xc nh c th i tng, cch ghi tham s cng ph thuc tng loi PLC khc nhau.

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K hiu thng c trong mi lnh: Cc k hiu trong lnh, qui c cch vit vi mi quc gia c khc nhau, thm ch mi hng, mi thi ch to ca hng c th c cc k hiu ring. Tuy nhin, cch ghi chung nht cho mt s quc gia l:

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* M: + K hiu u vo l I (In), u ra l Q (out trnh nhm O l khng) + Cc lnh vit gn ting Anh v d ra l out + Lnh ra (gn) l out + Tham s ca lnh dng c s 10 + Pha trc i tng lnh c du % + Gia cc s ca tham s khng c du chm. V d: AND% I09; out%Q10.
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* Nht: + u vo k hiu l X, u ra k hiu l Y + Cc lnh hu nh c vit tt t ting anh + Lnh ra (gn) l out + Tham s ca lnh dng c s 8. + Gia cc tham s khng c du chm. V d: A X 10; out Y 07

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* Ty c + u vo k hiu l I, u ra k hiu l Q + Cc lnh hu nh c vit tt t ting Anh + Lnh ra (gn) l = + Tham s ca lnh dng c s 8 + Gia cc s ca tham s c du chm phn bit khe v knh V d: A I 1.0; = Q 0.7

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Ngoi cc k hiu kh chung nh trn th mi hng cn c cc k hiu ring, c b lnh ring. Ngay cng mt hng cc thi ch to khc nhau cng c c im khc nhau vi b lnh khc nhau. Do , khi s dng PLC th mi loi PLC ta phi tm hiu c th hng dn s dng ca n. Mt s k hiu khc nhau vi cc lnh c bn c th hin r trn bng 3.1

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107

3.3.3.2. Phng php hnh thang LAD (Ladder Logic) Phng php hnh thang c dng ca biu nt bm. Cc phn t c bn ca phng php hnh thang l: + Tip im: thng m thng kn + Cun dy (m t cc rle) + Hp (m t cc hm khc nhau, cc lnh c bit)
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Mng LAD l ng ni cc phn t thnh mt mch hon chnh, theo th t t tri sang phi, t trn xung di. Qu trnh qut ca PLC cng theo th t ny. Mi mt nc thang xc nh mt s hot ng ca qu trnh iu khin. Mt s LAD c nhiu nc thang. Trn mi phn t ca biu hnh thang LAD c cc tham s xc nh tu thuc k hiu ca tng hng sn xut PLC.

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V d: mt nc ca phng php hnh thang nh hnh 3.10 Hnh 3.10a ca Misubishi,


X400 X402

y430

X401

a,
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110

hnh 3.10b ca Siemens, hnh 3.10c Allen Bradley


I0.0

I0.2

Q3.0
I:001/01

I:011/01 O:010/01

I0.1

I:002/01

b,

c,

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3.3.1.3. Phng php lit k lnh STL (Statement List) phng php ny cc lnh c lit k th t. Tuy nhin, phn bit cc on chng trnh ngi ta thng dng cc m nh, mi m nh tng ng vi mt nc thang ca biu hnh thang. khi u mi on (tng ng nh khi u mt nc thang) ta s dng cc lnh khi u nh LD, L, A, O... Kt thc mi on thng l lnh gn cho u ra, u ra c th l u ra cho thit b ngoi vi c th l u ra cho cc rle ni.
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112

V d: Mt on STL ca PLC S5 (Siemens) 0 A I 0.0 1 A I 0.1 2 = Q 1.0 Mt on (Siemens) STL 0 1 3


Back
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ca

PLC

S7-200

LD I 0.1 A I 0.2 = Q 1.0


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113

Mt on STL ca PLC MELSEC F1(Nht) 0 LD X 400 1 O X 403 2 ANI X 404 3 OUT Y 433 Mt on STL ca CPM1A (OMRON) 0 LD 000.01 1 OR 010.00 2 AND NOT000.00 3 AND 000.03 4 OUT 010.00
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3.3.1.4. Phng php lu iu khin CSF (Control System Flow) Phng php lu I0.0 iu khin CSF trnh by I0.1 Q0.0 cc php ton logic vi Hnh 3.15: Phng php biu din CSF cc k hiu ho c tiu chun ho nh hnh 3.15. Phng php lu iu khin thch hp vi ngi quen vi iu khin bng i s Booole.
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3.4. nh gi u nhc im ca PLC Ngy nay PLC c p dng rng ri trong cc lnh vc k tht. C th k ra cc u im ca PLC nh + Chun b vo hot ng nhanh + tin cy cao + D dng thay i chng trnh + nh gi nhu cu n gin + Kh nng ti to + Tit kim khng gian
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+ C tnh cht nhiu chc nng. + V gi tr kinh t: Khi xt v gi tr kinh t ca PLC ta phi H rle Gi c cp n s lng H PLC u ra v u vo. Quan h v gi thnh vi s lng S lng vo/ra u vo/ra c dng nh hnh 3.17. Hnh 3.17

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Khi tnh n gi c ca PLC th phi k n cc b phn ph nh thit b lp trnh, my in, bng ghi... c vic o to nhn vin k thut. Ni chung nhng phn mm thit k lp trnh cho cc mc ch c bit l kh t. Ngy nay nhiu hng ch to PLC cung cp chn b ng gi phn mm c th nghim, nhng vic thay th, sa i cc phn mm l nhu cu khng th trnh khi, do , vn cn thit phi c k nng phn mm.
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118

Phn b gi c cho vic lp t mt PLC thng nh sau: + 50% cho phn cngca PLC + 10% cho thit k khun kh chng trnh + 20% cho son tho v lp trnh + 15% cho chy th nghim + 5% cho ti liu. Vic lp t mt PLC tip theo ch bng khong 1/2 gi thnh ca b u tin, ngha l hu nh ch cn chi ph phn cng.
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Chng 4

B iu khin PLC OMRON


4.1. Cu hnh cng 4.2. Ghp ni 4.3. Ngn ng lp trnh

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4.1. Cu hnh cng 4.1.1. Cu to ca h PLC - CPM1A. PLC - CPM1A thuc h OMRON do Nht bn sn xut. y l loi PLC n khi c th lp ghp thm cc module v lp ghp nhiu PLC vi nhau. n v c bn ca PLC CPM1A nh hnh 4.1

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Trong : 1. Cc n bo h thng: + n PWR (xanh): bo ngun. + n RUN (xanh): PLC ang ch chy hoc kim tra, (n tt th PLC ang ch lp trnh hoc c li). + n ERR/ALM (): sng: c li, PLC khng hot ng. nhp nhy, hoc tt: PLC ang hot ng. + COMM (da cam): D liu ang c truyn ti cng ngoi vi
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2. Cng ghp ni vi my tnh hoc thit b lp trnh (c np y). 3. Cc n ch th v a ch ra, (sng nu c tn hiu ra). 4. Chn ni cho u ra (c np y). 5. Cc n ch th v a ch vo, (sng nu c tn hiu vo). 6. Chn ni cho u vo (c np y).

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4.1.2. Cc thng s k thut 4.1.2.1. Cc loi CPM1A

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4.1.2.2. Thng s chung 4.1.2.3. Cc c trng 4.1.2.4. Cu trc vng nh 4.1.2.5. Cc vo ra m rng

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4.2. Ghp ni PLC CPM1A c th ghp ni vi 32 b PLC cng loi thnh h thng. lp trnh cho PLC th c th ghp ni n vi thit b lp trnh cm tay, b lp trnh chuyn dng hoc my tnh tng thch. 4.2.1. Kt ni vi thit b lp trnh cm tay Ta ni trc tip cp ca thit b cm tay vo PLC nh hnh 4.2

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4.2.2. Kt ni vi thit b lp trnh chuyn dng hoc my tnh tng thch Khi ghp ni vi my tnh tng thch ta dng cp ni chun RS-232C v b phi hp RS-232 (hoc RS-422) hoc cp chuyn i loi CQM1-CIF02 khi ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh chuyn dng nh hnh 4.3. PLC c ghp ni vi cng ni tip (COM) ca my tnh.

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4.2.3. Kt ni nhiu PLC v my tnh S PLC CPM1A c th ghp ti a l 32, h thng ny c th ni vi my tnh tng thch.

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4.3 Ngn ng lp trnh 4.3.1 Cu trc chng trnh PLC CPM1A. Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC CPM1A c th c vit dng n khi hoc a khi. Chng trnh n khi Chng trnh n khi ch vit cho cc cng vic t ng n gin, cc lnh c vit tun t trong mt khi. Khi vit chng trnh n khi ngi ta dng khi OB1. B PLC qut khi theo chng trnh, sau khi qut n lnh cui cng n quay tr li lnh Back C4 T3 Next u tin.
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Chng trnh a khi (c cu trc) Khi nhim v t ng ho phc tp ngi ta chia chng trnh iu khin ra thnh tng phn ring gi l khi. Chng trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo khi kia. Chng trnh ang thc hin khi ny c th dng lnh gi khi sang lm vic vi khi khc, sau khi kt thc cng vic khi mi n quay v thc hin tip chng trnh tm dng khi c.
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... FB1
FC1 1

FC7

H i u hn h

OB1

. . .

. . .

. . .

FC3 FB1

...

FB9

S cc lnh gi lng nhau nhiu nht cho php l 8


Lp trnh c cu trc

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4.3.2. Bng lnh ca PLC CPM 1A 4.3.3. Lp trnh cc lnh logic c bn Vi PLC ny c: 12 u vo vi a ch t 000.00 n 000.11 8 u ra vi a ch t 010.00 n 010.07 Khi lp trnh phn mm lp trnh t hiu cc a ch trn, khng cn a khi nim phn bit vo/ra. Nu a thm khi nim vo/ra (X/Y) my s khng chp nhn. Kt thc chng trnh phi c lnh kt thc Back T3 Hng dn lp Next END chng trnh mi C4 chy. trnh
135

1. Lnh AND Lp trnh dng LAD (c th lp trnh dng STL v kim tra li dng LAD).

LD AND AND OUT


Lp trnh
Back

000.00 000.03 000.04 010.00

000.00 000.03 000.04

010.00

END (01) Hnh 4.5: Lnh AND

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2. Lnh AND NOT Dng STL LD 000.03 AND NOT000.00 AND 000.04 OUT 010.01 END
000.03 000.00 000.04 010.00

END (01)
Hnh 4.6: Lnh AND NOT

Lp trnh
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3. Lnh OR: LD 000.03 OR 000.04 OR 000.05 OUT 010.02 END

000.03

010.02

000.04

000.05

END
Hnh 4.7: Lnh OR

Lp trnh
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4. Lnh OR NOT Dng STL


000.03 010.02

LD 00.03 OR NOT 00.04 OR 000.05 OUT 010.02 END

000.04

000.05

END Hnh 4.8: Lnh OR NOT

Lp trnh
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5. Lnh OR gia hai lnh AND LD 000.03 AND 000.04 LD 000.05 AND 000.06 OR LD OUT 010.00 END Lp trnh
Back

000.03

000.04

010.00

000.05

000.06

END

Hnh 4.9: Lnh OR v AND

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6. Lnh thi gian tr Dng STL LD 000.03 TIM 000 #010 LD TIM000 OUT 010.00 END

000.03
TIM 000 #010 0010 bcd

Time

TIM000

010.00

END (01)

End

Hnh 4.10: Lnh thi gian

Lp trnh
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Ch : + Trong lnh (TIM 000 #010) lot s u ch s hiu ca rle thi gian (rle thi gian s 0), lot s th hai ch thi gian t (10s). + Khi u vo 000.03 c gi tr 1 th b thi gian bt u tnh thi gian, khi 10s th b thi gian cho gi tr ra, tc u ra 010.00 c gi tr 1.

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7. B m
000.03

LD 000.03 LD 000.00 CNT 001 #005 LD CNT000 OUT 010.00 END

CNT
000.00

001

Counter

#005
0005 bcd

CNT001

010.00

END (01)

End

Hnh 4.11: B m

Lp trnh
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Ch : + u vo th nht (000.03) l u vo m, mi khi u vo ny nhn gi tr 1 th b m m mt ln. + u vo th hai (000.00) l u vo reset b m, khi u vo ny nhn gi tr 1 th b m b reset v trng thi ban u + Trong lnh (CNT 001 #005) lot s u ch s hiu ca b m (b m s 1), lot s th hai ch s m t (5 s), khi u vo 000.03 t 5 ln gi tr 1 th b m cho gi tr ra, tc u ra 010.00 c gi tr 1
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Chng 6 B iu khin PLC - S7-200 6.1. Cu to ca PLC - S7-200 6.2. Cu trc b nh 6.3. Lp trnh cho PLC S7-200 6.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn ca S7200

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6.1. Cu to ca PLC - S7-200 PLC Step 7 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemens sn xut. y l loi PLC hn hp va n khi va a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n v c bn sau c th ghp thm cc module m rng v pha bn phi, c cc module m rng tiu chun.

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6.1.1. n v c bn n v c bn ca PLC S7-200 (CPU 314) nh hnh 6.1 1. Chn cm cng ra. 2. Chn cm cng vo. 3. Cc n trng thi: SF (n ): Bo hiu h thng b hng. RUN (n xanh): Ch nh rng PLC ang ch lm vic. STOP (n vng): Ch nh rngBack PLC ang ch dng. C6 T1 Next
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7
SF RUN STOP I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7 I1.0 I1.1 I1.2 I1.3 I1.4 I1.5 Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7 Q1.0 Q1.1

SIEMENS

SIMATIC S7-200

Hnh 6.1: Hnh khi mt trc PLC S7-200

Hnh tht
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4. n xanh cng vo ch nh trng thi tc thi ca cng vo. 5. Cng truyn thng. 6. n xanh cng ra ch nh trng thi tc thi ca cng ra. 7. Cng tc.

Ch lm vic: Cng tc chn ch lm vic c ba v tr:

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149

+ RUN: cho php PLC thc hin chng trnh trong b nh. PLC s t chuyn v trng thi STOP khi my c s c, hoc trong chng trnh gp lnh STOP, do khi chy nn quan st trng thi thc ca PLC theo n bo. + STOP: cng bc PLC dng cng vic ang thc hin, chuyn v trng thi ngh. ch ny PLC cho php hiu chnh li chng trnh hoc np mt chng trnh mi. + TERM: cho php PLC t quyt nh mt ch lm vic (hoc RUN hoc STOP). Back C6 T1 Next
150

Chnh nh tng t: Nm iu chnh tng t t di np y cnh cng ra, nm iu chnh tng t cho php iu chnh tn hiu tng t, gc quay c 2700. Pin v ngun nui b nh: Ngun pin c t ng chuyn sang trng thi tch cc khi dung lng nh b cn kit v n thay th d liu khng b mt. Cng truyn thng: S7-200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS 485 vi phch cm 9 chn phc v cho vic ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh hoc vi cc PLC khc. Tc truyn cho my lp trnh kiu PPI l 9600 boud.
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151

Cc chn ca cng truyn thng l 1. t 5 4 3 2 2. 24v DC 3. truyn v nhn d liu 9 8 7 6 4. khng dng Hnh 6.2 5. t 6. 5v DC (in tr trong 100) 7. 24v DC (120 mA) 8. truyn v nhn d liu 9. khng dng
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* Thng s c bn: Vi CPU 214

+ 14 cng vo v 10 cng ra logic. + C th m rng thm 7 module bao gm c module analog, + Tng s cng vo v ra cc i l: 64 vo, 64 ra. + 2048 t n (4Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi khng i lu chng trnh (vng nh giao din vi EFROM). + 2048 t n (4Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi ghi d liu, trong c 512 t u thuc min khng i. + 128 b thi gian (Times) chia lm ba loi theo phn di khc nhau: 4 b 1ms, 16 b 10ms v 108 b Back100ms. 153 C6 T1 Next

+ 128 b m chia lm hai loi: ch m tin v va m tin va m li. + 688 bit nh c bit thng bo trng thi v t ch lm vic. + Cc ch ngt v x l ngt gm: ngt truyn thng, ngt theo sn ln hoc xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc cao v ngt truyn xung. + Ba b m tc cao vi nhp 2KHz v 7KHz. + 2 b pht xung nhanh cho dy xung kiu PTO hoc kiu PWM. + 2 b iu chnh tng t. + Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian 190h khi PLC b mt ngun cungBack cp. 154 C6 T1 Next

Vi CPU 212 + 8 cng vo v 6 cng ra logic. C th m rng thm 2 module bao gm c module analog. + Tng s cng vo v ra cc i l: 64 vo, 64 ra. + 512 t n (1Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi khng i lu chng trnh (vng nh giao din vi EFROM). + 512 t n lu d liu, trong c 100 t nh c/ghi thuc min khng i. + 64 b thi gian tr (Times) trong : 2 b
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155

+ 64 b m chia lm hai loi: ch m tin v va m tin va m li. + 368 bit nh c bit thng bo trng thi v t ch lm vic. + Cc ch ngt v x l ngt gm: ngt truyn thng, ngt theo sn ln hoc xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc cao v ngt truyn xung. + Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian 50h khi PLC b mt ngun cung cp.
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156

6.1.2. Cc module vo ra m rng C th m rng n v c bn bng cch g thm cc module ngoi. Ti a c th g thm 7 module vo ra qua 7 v tr c sn trn Panen v pha phi. Cch gn a ch c th hin trn hnh 6.3.

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158

6.2. Cu trc b nh B nh c chia thnh 4 vng chnh l: 6.2.1. Vng nh chng trnh Vng nh chng trnh l min b nh c s dng lu gi cc lnh chng trnh. Vng ny thuc kiu khng i (nonvolatile) c / ghi c. 6.2.2. Vng tham s Vng tham s lu gi cc tham s nh: t kho, a ch trm... vng ny thuc vng khng i c / ghi c.
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6.2.3. Vng d liu Vng d liu ct cc d liu ca chng trnh gm kt qu ca cc php tnh, cc hng s trong chng trnh.... vng d liu l min nh ng, c th truy nhp theo tng bit, byte, t (word) hoc t kp. Vng d liu c chia thnh cc vng nh nh vi cc cng dng khc nhau l:

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161

a ch truy nhp c qui c vi cng thc * Truy nhp theo bit Tn min + a ch byte.ch s bit. V d: V150.4 l a ch bt s 4 ca byte 150 thuc min V. * Truy nhp theo byte Tn min + B v a ch byte. V d: VB150 l a ch byte 150 thuc min V. * Truy nhp theo word Back T2 a ch byte Next cao Tn min + WC6 v
162

V d: VW150 l a ch t n gm hai byte 150 v 151 thuc min V, trong byte 150 c vai tr byte cao ca t. * Truy nhp theo t kp: Tn min + D v a ch byte cao ca t. V d: VD150 l a ch t kp gm bn byte 150, 151, 152 v 153 thuc min V, trong byte 150 c vai tr byte cao, 153 c vai tr l byte thp ca t kp.

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163

6.3. Lp trnh cho PLC S7-200 6.3.1. Cu trc chng trnh S7-200 Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S7-200 c vit c cu trc bao gm chng trnh chnh (main program), sau n cc chng trnh con. - Chng trnh chnh c kt thc bng lnh kt thc chng trnh MEND.

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- Chng trnh con l mt b phn ca chng trnh, chng trnh con c kt thc bng lnh RET. Cc chng trnh con phi c vit sau lnh kt thc chng trnh chnh MEND, C th t do trn ln cc chng trnh con ng sau chng trnh chnh hnh 6.4 Bng lnh ca S7 200 Hng dn lp trnh
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Main Program MEND


SBR 0 RET Chng trnh con th nht

SBR n RET INT 0 RET INT n RETI

Chng trnh con th n +1

Chng trnh x l ngt th nht

Chng trnh x l ngt th n +1

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Hnh 6.4: Cu trc chng trnh ca S7200 C6 Ht T3

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166

6.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn ca S7200 1. Lnh LD v lnh A I 0.0 I 0.1 I 0.2 Q1.0 LD I 0.0 ( ) A I 0.1 Hnh 6.5: Lnh LD v A A I 0.2 = Q 1.0 I 0.2 Q1.0 I 0.1 I 0.0 2. Lnh AN ( LD I 0.0 ) Hnh 6.6: Lnh AN AN I 0.1 A I 0.2 = Q 1.0 Lp trnh
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3. Lnh O LD I O I O I = Q 4. Lnh ON LD I ON I O I = Q
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I 0.0

Q1.0

( )

0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0

I 0.1

I 0.2

Hnh 6.7: Lnh O I 0.0

Q1.0 ( )

I 0.1 0.0 I 0.2 0.1 0.2 Hnh 6.8: Lnh ON 1.0 Lp trnh
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5. Lnh OLD LD I A I LD I OLD = Q 6. Lnh ALD LD I LD I O I ALD = Q


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I 0.0

I 0.1

Q1.0

0.0 0.1 0.2

( )
I 0.2

Hnh 6.9: Lnh OLD

1.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0
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I 0.0

I 0.1
I 0.2

Q1.0

( )

Hnh 6.10: ALD

7. Lnh LPS, LRD, LPP Q0.0 I 0.0 I 0.1 LD I 0.0 ( ) LPS I 0.2 LD I 0.1 O I 0.2 ALD I 0.3 Q0.1 = Q 0.0 ( ) LRD I 0.4 LD I 0.3 O I 0.4 Q0.2 I 0.5 ALD ( ) = Q 0.1 LPP Hnh 6.11: LPS, LRD, A I 0.5 LPP = Q 0.2 Bng lnh Lp trnh
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8. Lnh TON NETWORK 1 LD I0.0 AN I0.1 TON T32, VW0 NETWORK 2 LD T32 = Q0

Hnh 6.12. Lnh TON

Lp trnh
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9. Lnh TONR NETWORK 1 LD I0.0 AN I0.1 TONR T32, VW0 NETWORK 2 LD T32 = Q0.0

Hnh 6.13. Lnh TONR

Lp trnh
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10. Lnh CTU NETWORK 1 LD I0.0 LD I0.2 CTU C0, +12 NETWORK 2 LD C0 = Q0.0
Lp trnh
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Hnh 6.14. Lnh CTU

Chng 7

173

11. Lnh CTUR NETWORK 1 LD I0.0 LD I0.2 LD I0.1 CTUD C48, VW0 NETWORK 2 LD C0 = Q0.0

Hnh 6.15. Lnh CTUR

Lp trnh
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Ht C6 T4 Chng 7
174

Chng 7 B iu khin PLC - S7-300

7.1. Cu hnh cng 7.2. Vng i tng 7.3. Ngn ng lp trnh

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Ni dung C7

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175

7.1. Cu hnh cng 7.1.1. Cu to ca h PLC- S7-300 PLC Step 7-300 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemens sn xut. y l loi PLC a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n v c bn (ch x l) sau ghp thm cc module m rng v pha bn phi, c cc module m rng tiu chun. 7.1.1.1. n v c bn n v c bn ca PLC S7-300 nh hnh 7.1
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CPU 314 siemens


SF BAF DC 5v FRCE RUN STOP
MC 951 / 16 KB 6E7 9510FD0 00AA0

RUN-P RUN

STOP MRES
Simatic S7 - 300

314-1AE00OABO

Hnh 7.1: Hnh khi mt trc CPU314

Hnh tht
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177

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1. Cc n bo + n SF: bo li CPU. + n BAF: Bo ngun c qui. + n DC 5v: Bo ngun 5v. + n RUN: Bo ch PLC ang lm vic. + n STOP: Bo PLC ang ch dng. 2. Cng tc chuyn i ch + RUN-P: Ch va chy va sa chng trnh. C7 T1 Next + Back RUN: a PLC vo ch lm vic.
178

+ MRES: V tr ch nh ch xo chng trnh trong CPU. Mun xo chng trnh th gi nt bm v v tr MRES n STOP nhp nhy, khi thi khng nhp nhy th nh tay. Lm li nhanh mt ln na (khng n STOP) nu n vng nhy nhiu ln l xong, nu khng th phi lm li.

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7.1.2. Cc kiu modul Tu theo qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u vo v u ra ta phi lp thm bao nhiu module m rng cng nh loi module cho ph hp. Ti a c th g thm 32 module vo ra trn 4 panen (rnh), trn mi panen ngoi module ngun, CPU v module ghp ni cn g c 8 cc module v bn phi. Thng Step 7-300 s dng cc module sau: + Module ngun PS + Module ghp ni IM (Intefare Back C7 T1 Next Module):
180

+ Module tn hiu SM (Signal Module): - Vo s: 8 knh, 16 knh, 32 knh. - Ra s: 8 knh, 16 knh, 32 knh. - Vo, ra s: 8 knh vo 8 knh ra, 16 knh vo 16 knh ra. - Vo tng t: 2 knh, 4 knh, 8 knh. - Ra tng t: 2 knh, 4 knh, 8 knh. - Vo, ra tng t: 2 knh vo 2 knh ra, 4 knh vo 4 knh ra.

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+ Module hm (Function Module). - m tc cao. - Truyn thng CP 340, CP340-1, CP341. + Module iu khin (Control Module): - Module iu khin PID. - Module iu khin Fuzzy. - Module iu khin r bot. - Module iu khin ng c bc. - Module iu khin ng c Servo.
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182

7.1.3. a ch v gn a ch Trong PLC c nhng b phn c gn a ch n nh b thi gian (T), b m (C)... ch cn mt ch ci km theo mt s l , v d: T1, C32... Cc a ch u vo v u ra cng vi cc module chc nng c cch gn a ch ging nhau. a ch ph thuc vo v tr g ca module trn Panen. Ch g module trn panen gi l khe (Slot), cc khe u c nh s, khe s 1 l khe Back u tin ca v c th tip tc. Next C7 T1
183

, a ch vo ra trn module s:
Khi g module s vo, ra ln mt khe no lp tc n c mng a ch byte ca khe , mi khe c 4 byte a ch. Trn mi module th mi u vo, ra l mt knh, cc knh u c a ch bit l 0 n 7. a ch ca mi u vo, ra l s ghp ca a ch byte v a ch knh, a ch byte ng trc, a ch knh ng sau, gia hai s c du chm. Khi module g trn khe th a ch c tnh t byte u ca khe, cc u vo v ra ca mt khe c cng a ch hnh 7.2.
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a ch byte v a ch knh nh hnh 7.2.


Khe s: 1 Byte 11 s: 2 3
2831 PS n IM v c Rnh 0 bn 03

47 ...

...
28.0 29.0 30.0 31.0 28.1 29.1 30.1 31.1 : : : : 28.7 28.7 30.7 31.7

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 0.1 1.1 2.1 3.1 : : : : 0.7 1.7 2.7 3.7

Byte s:
Rnh 1
IM

3235 64 67
IM

...

6063 9295

Byte s:
Rnh 2 Byte s: 124 127 Rnh 3

...

9699
IM

...

Hnh 7.2: a ch khe v knh trn module s

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V d: Module 2 u vo, 2 u ra s g vo khe s 5 rnh 0 c a ch l I4.0, I4.1 v Q4.0, Q4.1. Module s c th c g trn bt k khe no trn panen ca PLC.

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186

, a ch vo ra trn module tng t


Trong PLC S7-300 ngi ta dng 16 bit (mt word) cho mt knh. Mt khe c 8 knh vi a ch u tin l PIW256 hoc PQW256 (byte 256 v 257) cho n PIW766 hoc PQW766 nh hnh 3.45. Module tng t c th c g vo bt k khe no trn panen ca PLC, cc khe trng bao gi cng c trng thi tn hiu 0. V d: Mt module tng t 2 vo, 1 ra g vo khe s 6 rnh 0 c a ch l PIW288, PIW290, PQW288.
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187

Khe s: 1 11
PS

2
n v c bn

3
IM

4
256-257 258-259 ... 270-271

...
368-369 370-371 ... 382-383

Rnh 0

Rnh 1

IM

384-385 ... 512-513 ... 640-641 ...

... 510-511 ... 638-639 ... 766-767

Rnh 2

IM

IM

Rnh 3

Hnh 7.3: a ch ca module tng t

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7.2. Vng i tng 7.2.1. Cc vng nh Bng 7.1

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7.2.2. Nhp cc hng s Cc hng s c vit gm phn u v tham s i lin nhau v d B#16#1A l s: (vit dng byte, c s 16, gi tr l 1A tng ng c s thp phn l 26). Cc s v thi gian c vit theo cc k hiu: D (Date) ngy_ H (Hours) gi_ M (minuter) pht_ S (seconds) giy_ MS (milliseconds) mili giy v d 2D_23H_10M_50S_13MS l: (2 ngy, 23 gi, 10 pht, 50 giy, 13 mili giy). Cc kiu vit hng s c th hin trn Back C3 T4 Next bng7.2
190

7.3. Ngn ng lp trnh 7.3.1. Cu trc chng trnh S7-300 Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S7-300 c th c vit dng n khi hoc a khi. Chng trnh n khi Chng trnh n khi ch vit cho cc cng vic t ng n gin, cc lnh c vit tun t trong mt khi. Khi vit chng trnh n khi ngi ta dng khi OB1. B PLC qut khi theo chng trnh, sau khi qut n lnh cui cng n quay tr li lnh u tin.
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191

Chng trnh a khi (c cu trc) Khi nhim v t ng ho phc tp ngi ta chia chng trnh iu khin ra thnh tng phn ring gi l khi. Chng trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo khi kia. Chng trnh ang thc hin khi ny c th dng lnh gi khi sang lm vic vi khi khc, sau khi kt thc cng vic khi mi n quay v thc hin tip chng trnh tm dng khi c. Cc khi c xp thnh lp. Mi khi c: + u khi gm tn khi, s hiu khi v xc nh chiu di khi.
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192

+ Thn khi: Th hin ni dung khi v c chia thnh on (Segment) thc hin tng cng on ca t ng ho sn xut. Mi on li bao gm mt s dng lnh phc v vic gii bi ton logic. Kt qu ca php ton logic c gi vo RLO (Result of logic operation). Vic phn chia chng trnh thnh cc on cng nh hng n RLO. Khi bt u mt on mi th to ra mt gi tr RLO mi, khc vi gi tr RLO ca on trc. + Kt thc khi: Phn kt thc khi l lnh kt thc khi BEU. Back C7 T3 Next
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Cc loi khi: * Khi t chc OB (Organisation Block) Khi t chc qun l chng trnh iu khin v t chc vic thc hin chng trnh. * Hm s FC (Functions) Khi hm s FC l mt chng trnh do ngi s dng to ra hoc c th s dng cc hm chun sn c ca SIEMENS.

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* Khi hm FB (Function Block) Khi hm l loi khi c bit dng lp trnh cc phn chng trnh iu khin ti din thng xuyn hoc c bit phc tp. C th gn tham s cho cc khi v chng c mt nhm lnh m rng. Ngi s dng c th to ra cc khi hm mi cho mnh, c th s dng cc khi hm sn c ca SIEMENS.

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* Khi d liu: c hai loi l + Khi d liu dng chung DB (Shared Data Block) Khi d liu dng chung lu tr cc d liu chung cn thit cho vic x l chng trnh iu khin. + Khi d liu ring DI (Instance Data Block) Khi d liu dng ring lu tr cc d liu ring cho mt chng trnh no cho vic x l chng trnh iu khin. Ngoi ra trong PLC S7-300 cn hm h thng SFC (System Function) v khi hm Back C7 T3 Next h thng SFB (System Function Block).
196

7.3.2. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S7-300 c th c vit dng: n khi hoc a khi. Bng lnh ca S7 300 Hng dn lp trnh A. Lp trnh vi nhm lnh logic

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1. Lnh A Lp trnh dng STL. A I 0.0 A I 0.1 A I 0.2 = Q 1.0 2. Lnh AN A I 0.0 AN I 0.1 A I 0.2 = Q 1.0
Back

I 0.0

I 0.1

I 0.2

Q1.0

( )
Hnh 7.4: Lnh A

I 0.0

I 0.1

I 0.2

Q1.0

( )
Hnh 7.5: Lnh AN

Lp trnh
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3. Lnh O O I O I O I = Q 4. Lnh ON O I ON I O I = Q
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I 0.0

Q1.0

0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0


C7 T3

( )
I 0.1 I 0.2
Hnh 7.6: Lnh O

I 0.0 I 0.1 I 0.2


Hnh 7.7: Lnh ON

Q1.0

( )

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5. Lnh A v lnh O A I 0.0 A I 0.1 O I 0.2 = Q 1.0 6. Lnh ( v lnh ) A I 0.0 A( O I 0.1 O I 0.2 ) = Q 1.0
Back

I 0.0

I 0.1

Q1.0

( )
I 0.2

Hnh 7.8: Lnh OLD

I 0.0

I 0.1

Q1.0

( )
I 0.2

Hnh 7.9: Lnh ( v lnh )

Lp trnh
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7. Lp trnh vi vng d liu tm thi L A I 0.0 = L 20.0 Q0.0 I 0.0 I 0.1 A L 20.0 ( ) A( I 0.2 O I 0.1 O I 0.2 Q0.1 ) I 0.3 = Q 0.0 ( ) A L 20.0 I 0.4 A( O I 0.3 Q0.2 I 0.5 0 I 0.4 ( ) ) = Q 0.1 Hnh 7.10: Lp trnh vi vng d liu tm A L 20.0 thi A I 0.5 =
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0.2
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201

8. Lp trnh vi bt nh ni M Nework 1 A I 0.0 M10.0 I 0.0 = M 10.0 ( ) Nework 2 A I 0.1 = M 10.1 Q0.0 A M 10.1 I 0.1 M10.1 = Q 0.0 (# ) ( ) Nework 3 A( O I 1.0 Q1.0 I 0.3 M10.0 M10.1 I 1.0 O Q 1.0 ( ) ) A M 10.0 Q1.0 A M 10.1 AN I 1.0 Hnh 7.11: Lp trnh vi bt nh ni = Q 1.0 M
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B.> Lp trnh vi nhm lnh thi gian Chng trnh iu khin s dng cc lnh thi gian theo di, kim sot v qun l cc hot ng c lin quan n thi gian. Khi mt b thi gian c khi pht th gi tr thi gian c np vo thanh ghi CV (Current value). Do , mun dng cc lnh thi gian phi np gi tr thi gian cn t vo thanh ghi CV trc khi b thi gian hot ng. C th np cc kiu d liu sau dng C7 T3 Next cho Back cc lnh thi gian:
203

+ D liu thi gian thc: S5T#H_M_S_MS + Dng s nguyn 16 bt: W#16#.... ( dng m BCD).

Np thi gian thc: L S5T#10s Vi lnh trn gi tr thi gian c np l 10s

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204

Np thigian dng m BCD: V d: L W#16#2127 Th s trn s c np vo thanh ghi CV dng m BCD nh hnh 3.54. Trong thanh ghi CV th: Ba s cui ch h s: S 127 (c th gn t 0 n 999) S u ch m s, c 4 m: 0 tng ng 0,01s 1 tng ng 0,1s 2 tng ng 1s 3 tng ng 10s
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205

Vi s vo thanh ghi CV nh trn th thi gian c tnh l:


t 127 1s 127s

Vi m cng nh th gi tr thi gian cng chnh xc, v vy nn dng m nh.


15
1 0 (2) M

11
0 0 0 (1) 1

7
0 0 1 (2) H s 0

3
0 1 1 (7)

0
1

Hnh 7.12

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206

Trong cc b thi gian ca S7-300 ngoi tn hiu kch thch chnh (bt u) nh cc b thi gian ca cc PLC khc, cn c tn hiu kch thch cng bc. Tn hiu kch thch cng bc cho php tnh li thi gian t u khi c sn ln ca tn hiu ny. Tuy nhin, tn hiu kch thch cng bc ch c gi tr khi tn hiu kch thch chnh c gi tr 1. Lnh thc hin kch thch cng bc (c iu kin) l: FR, lnh FR ch c dng lp trnh STL. B thi gian cng c th dng lnh R xo.
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207

1. B thi gian xung SP B thi gian c khi pht ln 1 ti si ln ca RLO khi RLO l 1 th b thi gian vn duy tr trng thi 1 cho n khi t gi tr t mi xung. Nhng khi RLO v khng th b thi gian v khng ngay. C hai kiu lp trnh:

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Kiu th nht c lnh NOP A I 0.1 L S5T#10S SP T 1 A I 0.2 I0.2 <10 >10 R T 1 I0.1 NOP 0 Q1.0 NOP 0 Thi gian (s) 10 A T 1 Hnh 7.13: Dng LAD v gin thi gian = Q 1.0 Lp trnh lnh SP kiu 1
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Kiu th hai (khng dng lnh NOP) Nework 1: A I 0.0 L S5T#10S SP T 1 Nework 2: A T 1 = Q 0.1 Nework 3: Hnh 7.14: Dng LAD lnh SP kiu 2 A I 0.2 R T 1 Lp trnh
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2. B thi gian m rng SE B thi gian xung m rng SE c khi pht ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph thuc RLO na cho n khi thi gian t mi v khng. Cng tng t nh b thi gian SP, cc b thi gian khc cng lun c hai kiu lp trnh.

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Lp trnh c lnh NOP A I 0.0 <10 >10 L S5T#10S I0.1 SE T 1 Q1.0 NOP 0 Thi gian (s) 10 10 L T 1 T MW 2 LC T 1 T MW 5 A T 1 Hnh 7.15: Lnh SE = Q 0.1 Lp trnh
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3.B thi gian bt u tr SD Thi gian bt u chm hn so vi sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian t trong lnh. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian cng b t ngay v khng.

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A I 0.1 L S5T#10S SD T 1 A I 0.2 R T 1 NOP 0 NOP 0 A T 1 = Q 1.0 Lp trnh


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>10

<10 I0.1 Q1.0

10

10

Thi gian (s)

Hnh 7.16: Lnh SD

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4.B thi gian bt u tr lu tr SS Thi gian bt u chm hn so vi sn ln ca RLO mt khong thi gian bng thi gian t trong lnh v sau khng ph thuc RLO na. N ch v khng khi c lnh xo R.

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A I 0.1 L S5T#10S SS T 1 A I 0.2 R T 1 NOP 0 NOP 0 A T 1 = Q 1.0 Lp trnh


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I0.1 I0.2 Q1.0

10

10

Thi gian (s)

Hnh 7.17: Lnh SS


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5.B thi gian tt tr SF B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian tip tc duy tr trng thi mt khong thi gian na bng khong t trong lnh ri mi v khng. xo thi gian dng lnh R, khi c lnh R t 0 ln 1 th b thi gian c t v khng v trng thi tn hiu vn gi 0 cho n khi b thi gian c khi pht li.

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A I 0.1 L S5T#10S SF T 1 A I 0.2 R T 1 NOP 0 NOP 0 A T 1 = Q 1.0 Lp trnh


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I0.1 Q1.0 10 10 Thi gian (s)

Hnh 7.18: Lnh SF


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C. Nhm lnh m Gi tr trong thanh ghi CV (current value) l gi tr m tc thi ca b m, CV lun khng m, do lnh m li s khng m khi CV = 0. Gi tr m PV c th c t trc bng lnh L, v d L C#4 (t gi tr m bng 4). Tuy nhin, khc vi b thi gian, gi tr m ch c np vo CV khi c lnh t b m (S). Nu khng t gi tr m th b m c th vn tin hnh m (ch khi CV = 0 th khng m li). Gi tr u ra ca b m s l 1 nu CV 0, bng 0 nu CV = 0. Back C7 T3 Next
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B m c th c xo ch ng bng tn hiu xo (R). Cng tng t nh b thi gian, b m cng c th dng lnh kch m (m cng bc) FR (lnh c iu kin), b m cng m xung khi iu kin ca FR m bo. Lnh FR ch c dng lp trnh STL. C th dng lnh L hoc LD c gi tr tc thi ca b m vo ACCU1 s l. Lnh L c s dng c s 2, lnh LD c s dng BCD.
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1. Lnh m ln CU A I 0.0 CD C 2 BLD 101 NOP 0 NOP 0 0 NOP 0 NOP 0 NOP 0 0 A C 2 0 = Q 1.0
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I0.0 3 CV

2
1

Q1.0

Hnh 7.19: Lnh m ln CU


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Lnh BLD hin th dng LAD. Vi cc lnh trn khi u vo I0.0 c sn ln th gi tr b m CV tng thm 1 n v, tc l khi c ch mt ln sn ln ca I0.0 th u ra Q1.0 lun l 1 (khng xo). Chn CV l chn ly gi tr m dng nh phn, chn CV_BCD l chn ly gi tr thi gian dng m BCD, c th dng lnh L hoc LC c cc gi tr m.
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2. Lnh m xung CD A I 0.0 CD C 2 BLD 101 A I 0.1 Hnh 7.20: Lnh m xung CD L C#4 0 I0.0 S C 2 I0.1 0 NOP 0 4 3 NOP 0 2 1 NOP 0 0 0 CV A C 2 Q1.0 0 0 = Q 1.0 Hnh 7.21: Xung m lnh m xung
CD

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Trong cc lnh trn c: Lnh L C#4 l np s m bng 4. Nh trn hnh 7.20 khi I0.0 c trc, b m vn khng lm vic v khi CV = 0, cho n khi c lnh t b m, I0.1 c th b m bt u c np gi tr m, CV = 4. T khi ny mi ln I0.0 c th gi tr m gim mt n v, sau 4 xung vo gi tr m CV = 0. Khi CV 0 u ra Q1.0 c, khi CV = 0 u ra Q1.0 mt.
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3. Lnh m va tin va li A I 0.0 CU C 1 A I 0.1 CD C 1 A I 0.2 0 I0.0 L C#3 S C 1 I0.3 I0.1 A I 0.3 0 R C 1 I0.2 4 L C 1 3 3 T MW 0 2 1 1 LC C 1 CV 0 0 T MW 1 Q1.0 0 0 A C 1 Hnh 7.22: Va m tin va m = Q 1.0 Lp trnh li
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T gin ta thy: khi u vo m tin c lp tc b m lm vic, gi tr m tng 1 n v, CV 0, u ra Q1.0 c. Tip u vo m li c, do b m li gim 1 n v (CV = 0) u ra Q1.0 li mt. Tuy nhin, nu u vo m li c trc th b m khng m v khi . Tip u vo t b m SET c lm gi tr m c np vo CV (), t nu c u m tin th gi tr m tng 1 n v, c u m li gi tr m gim 1 n v, uBack ra Q1.0 c. Khi c u RESET gi tr C7 T3 Next
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Chng 8 Cc ng dng trong cng nghp


8.1. ng dng trong cng nghip c kh 8.2. ng dng trong cng nghip ch bin ho cht 8.3. ng dng trong cng nghip ch bin nng sn 8.4. ng dng trong giao thng vn ti
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8.1. ng dng trong cng nghip c kh C nhiu ng dng PLC trong cng nghip c kh, nh iu khin qu trnh lm vic ca cc my mc trong cc phn xng, iu khin qu trnh lm vic ca cc ng c... Xt s iu khin ng c rto dy cun. 8.1.1. Yu cu chung ca h thng 8.1.1.1 Gii thiu chung v h thng Nh bit Imm = (20 25)% Im .
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hn ch dng ny ta c th gim Ungun tc Uf t vo phn ng ng c in hoc ni thm in tr ph Rf vo mch phn ng. Trong bi ny ta cp n cch thm in tr ph vo mch phn ng ng c. C hai cch iu khin vic ni in tr ph: - cch th nht l dng mch rle iu khin vic ng th t cc in tr ph; - cch th hai l dng mch thi gian Back C8 T1 ln lt cc in Next xc nh thi gian ng tr
229

8.1.1.2 Yu cu hot ng ca h thng By gi ta xt h thng khi ng ng c rto dy qun qua ba cp in tr, c o chiu dng PLC hnh 8.1. i vi PLC cch thun tin l dng cc mch nh thi gian tin hnh vic ny. Thi gian gia cc ln ng in tr ph c xc nh t mch c th v c th chnh nh mt cch d dng. PLC s ln lt a tn hiu ng 1K, 2K, 3K loi dn cc in tr ph theo nguyn tc thi gian.
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A
B

T
T T N N N

RN1
C

3K

2K

1K

RN2

3K

2K

1K

Hnh 8.1: S h thng khi ng ng c rto dy qun qua ba cp in tr c o chiu.

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8.1.2. Phn cng vo ra Tn hiu a vo PLC * Tn hiu bt u khi ng ng c quay thun. * Tn hiu bt u khi ng ng c quay ngc. * Tn hiu STOP dng ng c * Tn hiu t rle nhit RN1. * Tn hiu t rle nhit RN2. Cc gi tr khong thi gian t1, t2, t3 tin hnh ct in tr ph.
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Tn hiu t PLC a ra iu khin * Tn hiu ng ng c chy thun * Tn hiu ng ng c chy ngc. * Tn hiu ng 1K (loi in tr th nht) * Tn hiu ng 2K (loi in tr th hai) * Tn hiu ng 3K (loi in tr th ba)

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Gn u vo ra cho PLC
u
Phn t

u ra

Phn t

vo 000.00 Ch dng

010.00 ng c chy thun

000.01 Ch chy thun 010.01 ng c chy ngc

000.02 Ch chy ngc 000.04 R le nhit 1


000.05 R le nhit 2

010.02 ng K1 010.03 ng K2
010.04 ng K3

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8.1.3.1. Dng STL Network1 LD NOT 000.00 AND NOT000.04 AND NOT000.05 OUT TR0 AND 000.01 LD TR0 AND 010.00 OR LD
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OR LD AND NOT000.02 AND NOT010.01 OUT 010.00 LD TR0 AND 000.02 LD TR0 AND 010.01 OR LD AND NOT000.01 AND NOT010.00
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OUT 010.01 Network2 LD 010.00 OR 010.01 AND NOT000.01 AND NOT000.02 TIM 000 #0010 AND TIM000 OUT 010.02 TIM 001 #0010
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AND TIM001 OUT 010.03 TIM 003 #0010 AND TIM003 OUT 010.04 Network3 END Lp trnh thc

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8.2. ng dng trong cng nghip ch bin ho cht 8.2.1. Yu cu chung Trong qu trnh sn xut ho cht cn pha trn 3 loi dung dch A, B, C theo mt t l nht nh. S h thng trn ho cht nh hnh 8.2. Trong : + Y1, Y2, Y3: Van ng m cho dung dch A, B, C vo thng. + Y4: Van x dung dch. + M1, M2, M3: Sensor o mc ca ba loi dung dch A, B, C trong thng trn. + M: ng c khuy trn dung dch. Back 239 T2 Next + H: Phn t gia C8 nhit.

Y1

A
Y3

B
M

Y3 C
M1

M2 M3
H

T Y4

Hnh 8.2: S h thng pha trn dung


dch
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Yu cu hot ng ca h nh sau: + Khi c tn hiu khi ng, van Y3 m cho vt liu C vo. + Khi cng tc M3 tc ng th van Y3 ng, van Y2 m cho vt liu B vo. + Khi cng tc M2 tc ng th van Y2 ng, van Y1 m cho vt liu A vo.

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+ Khi cng tc M1 tc ng th van Y1 ng, ng c M hot ng trong mt khong thi gian ho trn dung dch trong bnh, ng thi ng thit b gia nhit H. + Khi thi gian ho trn th ng c M dng, ng thi nu nhit (tip im nhit m) th van Y4 m x hn hp ra ngoi.

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8.2.2. Phn cng vo ra


Phn t u vo 000.00 Tn hiu khi ng

u ra
010.00 010.01 010.02 010.03

Phn t Van cp Y1 Van cp Y2 Van cp Y3 Van x Y4

000.01 Tn hiu dng 000.02 Cng tc mc M1 000.03 Cng tc mc M2

000.04 Cng tc mc M3
000.05 Tip im nhit T

010.04
010.05

ng ng c trn M
ng phn t nhit.

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8.2.3.1. Lp trnh dng STL Networ 1: LD 000.00 AND NOT000.01 OUT TR0 AND NOT010.00 AND NOT010.01 AND NOT000.04 OUT 010.02 LD TR0
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AND NOT010.00 AND NOT010.02 AND 000.04 AND NOT000.03 OUT 010.01 LD TR0 AND NOT010.01 AND NOT010.02 AND 000.03 AND NOT000.02
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OUT 010.00 LD TR0 AND 000.02 OUT TR1 AND NOTTIM000 OUT 010.04 LD TR1 AND NOT000.05 OUT 010.05 LD TR1
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AND 000.05 AND NOT010.04 OUT 010.03 LD TR1 TIM 000 #0050 Networ 2: END Lp trnh thc

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8.3. ng dng trong cng nghip ch bin nng sn

Xt mt ng dng trong ch bin nng sn thc phm nh h thng ng gi sn phm:


8.3.1. Yu cu chung ca h thng ng gi sn phm

8.3.1.1. Gii thiu chung v h thng Trong cc dy chuyn sn xut hin i, vic ng gi sn phm c tin hnh mt cch t ng. Vic ng gi sn phm ny n gin thng s dng hai bng Back C8 T3 chuyn, bng chuyn th nht Next chuyn
248

Trong bi ny ta tin hnh xem xt dy chuyn ng gi cc qu to vo nhng chic hp, mi mt chic hp cha n qu to no . S m t nh hnh 8.3. 8.3.1.2. Yu cu hot ng - Khi nhn nt START th dy chuyn bt u lm vic, bng chuyn hp s chy theo chiu nh hnh 8.3. Bng chuyn hp chy cho n khi sensor bo c hp SE2 pht hin ra c hp, lc ny bng chuyn lp tc Back C8 T3 Next dng li
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PB1

PB2
SE1

START STOP

SE2

Hnh 8.3. S h thng ng gi sn phm.


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- Khi bng chuyn hp dng li th bng chuyn chuyn to s chy, cc qu to ln lt c ri xung hp, mi khi qu to ri xung hp sensor SE1 s pht hin v a thm mt xung vo b m, khi s to bng n th lp tc bng chuyn to dng li. Bng chuyn hp li tip tc chy v s n trong b m s c xo v 0 n khi SE2 bo c hp ... v qu trnh li tip tc cho n khi nt n STOP PB2 c n xung th h thng dng li.
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8.3.2. Phn cng vo ra cho h thng


Phn cng u vo 000.00 000.01 000.02 000.03 Phn cng u ra 010.01 Phn t Nt n START (PB1) Nt n STOP (PB2) Kim tra c to (SE1) Kim tra c hp (SE2) Phn t
iu khin bng chuyn to

010.02

iu khin bng chuyn hp

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8.3.3.1.Dng STL LD 000.00 OR 010.00 AND NOT 000.01 OUT 010.00 LD 010.00 AND NOT010.02 OUT 010.01 LD 000.02 LD NOT 000.00
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CNT 010 010 LD CNT 010 OR NOT 000.03 AND 010.00 OUT 010.02 END Lp trnh thc

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8.4. ng dng trong giao thng vn ti Xt h thng iu khin n giao thng s dng PLC:

8.4.1. Yu cu chung n giao thng ti ng t m bo qu trnh giao thng c din ra m bo an ton, trt t. H iu khin giao thng ng t c thc hin theo nguyn tc thi gian, h gm 3 loi tn hiu:

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+ : Cm cc phng tin qua li. + Xanh: Cho php cc phng tin qua li. + Vng: Qu trnh chuyn i t xanh sang , ch cho php cc phng tin ang xa l i tip. Gin thi gian qu trnh iu khin n giao thng nh hnh 8.4

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Lung giao thng 1


Xanh

7s 3s 10s

Vng

Lung giao thng 2


Xanh Vng

7s 3s 10s

Hnh 8.4: Gin thi gian giao thng


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S b tr n giao thng ng t
Lung giao thng 2

Hnh 8.5: S b tr n giao thng ng t


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Phn cng vo ra
u
Phn t

u ra

Phn t

vo 000.00 Tn hiu khi 010.00 ng 000.01 Tn hiu dng 010.01

n lung giao thng 1 n xanh lung giao thng 1

010.02
010.03 010.04

n vng lung giao thng 1


n lung giao thng 2 n xanh lung giao thng 2

010.05

n vng lung giao thng 2

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8.4.3.1. Lp trnh dng STL Networ 1: LD 000.00 OR 200.00 AND NOT000.01 OUT 200.00 Networ 2: LD 200.00 AND NOTTIM002 OUT 200.01
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Networ 3: LD 200.01 OUT TR0 AND NOT010.01 AND NOT010.02 AND NOTTIM000 OUT 010.00 LD TR0 TIM 000 #0100 AND NOT010.00
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AND NOT010.02 AND NOTTIM001 OUT 010.01 LD TR0 AND TIM000 TIM 001 #0070 LD TR0 AND NOT010.01 AND NOT010.00 OUT 010.02
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LD TR0 AND TIM001 TIM 002 #0030 Networ 4: LD 200.00 AND NOTTIM005 OUT 200.02 Networ 5: LD 200.02 OUT TR0
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AND NOT010.03 AND NOT010.05 AND NOTTIM003 OUT 010.04 LD TR0 TIM 003 #0070 AND NOT010.03 AND NOT010.04 AND NOTTIM004 OUT 010.05
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LD TR0 AND TIM003 TIM 004 #0030 LD TR0 AND NOT010.04 AND NOT010.05 OUT 010.03 LD TR0 AND TIM004 TIM 005 #0100
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Networ 6: END Lp trnh thc

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Xin chn thnh cm n!

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267

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