2013/5/9

Security Level:

How to Analyze Crossed Feeder Issue by DT

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Outline
What is crossed feeder issue

The problems raised by crossed feeder issue

How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

What is crossed feeder issue (1)

The term crossed feeder is used to describe the problem that arises when the feeders for two or more sectors in a site are inadvertently connected incorrectly. For Example, consider a new cell site that has three sectors, A, B, and C:

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What is crossed feeder issue (2)

The crossed feeder problem would arise if the feeder for sector A is connected to sector C and vice versa. When this happens, the sectors typically continue to provide good coverage. However, the network parameters for the two sectors are also reversed. For example, the parameters storing the sectors' BCCH and lists of adjacent sectors would be swapped.

For example, suppose we run a drive

test through the area served by the cell

whose feeders are crossed display the ServBCCH attribute on the Map while the cell sectors are colored by BCCH. This is what we might see:

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What is crossed feeder issue (3)

There are server types of crossed feeder:

Crossed transmit feeders Crossed receive feeders Crossed transmit and receive feeders

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The problems raised by crossed feeder issue

Normal Situation

Crossed Feeder Situation

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The problems raised by crossed feeder issue

Crossed feeder will raise many problems, such as:

A greater degree of interference A poor uplink signal strength

A poor performance of handover

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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Crossed transmit feeders

Crossed transmit feeders will result in the swap of 2 or
more sectors BCCH frequency and TCHs. As the sectors are pointing in the incorrect direction, performance will suffer as the frequency plan has been changed and a greater degree of interference will be present. In DT, we will find that the handset receives the single which shouldn't have been received in the current cell.

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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Crossed transmit feeders CellA CellB

Tx

Div

Tx

Div

Tx Div CellA

Tx Div CellB

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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Crossed transmit feeders

CellA BCCH B Cell ID B Ms power control low (0-8) with good RXlev After HO low RxLev Unexpected HOs

CellB BCCH A Cell ID A Ms power control low (0-8) with good Rxlev

After HO low RxLev

Unexpected HOs

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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Crossed transmit feeders

In the example shown above, point A is in the area of coverage of Cell D3, but the handset at point A receives the stronger signal of Cell D2. It indicates that TX feeders were crossed between Cell D3 and Cell D2.
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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Crossed transmit feeders

Exercise

Cell border

Cell border

A Site 1 B A Site 2 B Site 3 A B

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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Crossed receive feeders

It is not easy to detect this fault by DT, because the BCCH

frequencies will appear exactly as they were designed. However,

the statistics for the cell would help us to detect the fault:

Uplink signal strength would be very poor Link balance would be larger than expected

Handover success rate would be very low

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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Crossed receive feeders CellA CellB

Tx

Div

Tx

Div

Tx Div CellA

Tx Div CellB

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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Crossed receive feeders

CellA BCCH A Cell ID A Ms power control low (0-8) with good RXlev After HO low RxLev Unexpected HOs

CellB BCCH B Cell ID B Ms power control low (0-8) with good Rxlev

After HO low RxLev

Unexpected HOs

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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Crossed receive feeders

The MR measurement is very useful in detecting this type of feeder cross.

Uplink-and-Downlink Balance Measurement per TRX and

TCH Receive Level Measurement per TRX maybe are the most useful statistics . For example, if the uplink-and-downlink

balance is always in level 10 or level 11, we can consider that

there is something wrong in the receive path of the site, crossed receive feeder is a possible problem.
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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Crossed receive feeders

Exercise

Cell border

Cell border

A Site 1 B A Site 2 B Site 3 A B

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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Crossed transmit and receive feeder

The symptom is similar with the fault crossed transmit and

receive feeder, and sometimes we can detect the fault by DT easily .

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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Crossed feeders both two transmit & two receive CellA CellB

Tx

Div

Tx

Div

Tx Div CellA

Tx Div CellB

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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Crossed receive feeders

CellA BCCH B Cell ID B

CellB BCCH A Cell ID A

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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Crossed transmit - receive feeders

Exercise

Cell border

Cell border

A Site 1 B A Site 2 B Site 3 A B

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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

one transmit & one receive feeders crossed CellA CellB

Tx

Div

Tx

Div

Tx Div CellA

Tx Div CellB

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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Crossed receive feeders

CellA RxLevA ~ RxLevB BCCH A, BCCH A Cell ID B, Cell ID B Ms power control low (0-8) with good RXlev After HO low RxLev Unexpected HOs

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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Crossed transmit - receive feeders

Exercise

Cell border

Cell border

A Site 1 B A Site 2 B Site 3 A B

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How to detect crossed feeder issue by DT

Inter system antenna swap (GSM CDMA)

In this scenario when feeders has been swapped between antenna ports, its very difficulty to recognize it during DT. Only abnormal coverage area and bad performance could be the reason for this. GSM CDMA

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Antennas
X X X

TRX RF Units

Receive Multicoupler

Dual Duplex Unit

TX/RX ant

TX RX

TX/RX-div ant

Duplexer

main div

LNA

Duplexer

TX RX

main div

splitter

LNA

splitter

Example: 2 TRX/cell
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TRX RF Units Receive Multicouplers & Wideband Combiners

Dual Duplex Unit

Antennas
X X X

WBC TX RX TX RX TX RX TX RX
Duplexer
main div

TX/RX ant TX/RX-div ant

splitter splitter
LNA

main div

Duplexer

WBC
main div LNA

splitter
main div

splitter

Example: 4 TRX/cell
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