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Md mustafa kamal
electricity
generated
by
hydropower;
the
production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water.
OBJECTIVE :
The objective of a hydropower scheme is to convert the potential energy of a mass of water, flowing in a stream with a certain fall to the
comes
from the
The power
potential energy of dammed water driving a generator. extracted from the water depends on the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential energy in water is proportional to the head.
power
P = hrgk,
where
P is Power in watts,
is the density of water (~1000 kg/m3), h is height in meters, r is flow rate in cubic meters per second, g is acceleration due to gravity of 9.8 m/s2, k is a coefficient of efficiency ranging from 0 to 1. Efficiency is often higher (that is, closer to 1) with larger and more modern turbines.
POWER HOUSE
GENERATOR
POWER LINE
TRANSFORMER
SPILL WAYS
Floodgates may be designed into spillways to regulate water flow and dam height. Spillways
Types of Spillways
A controlled
An uncontrolled
spillway
spillway
INTAKE :
Intake is a structure used to release water on a regular basis for water supply, hydroelectricity generation, etc. A water intake must be able to
PENSTOCK :
conveying water from the intake to the power
house. The water in the reservoir is considered stored energy when the gate opens the water flowing through the penstock becomes kinetic energy because it is in motion.
A hydraulic turbine, also known as a hydro turbine or water turbine, is a turbine that converts the energy from flowing water into mechanical energy by way of a rotating shaft connected to a generator for the purpose of
individual households.
WATER TURBINES :
Water turbines consist of the following components:
intake shaft
turbine
TAILRACES :
After passing through the turbine the water returns to the river through a short channel called a tailrace.
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. It is the heart of the hydroelectric power plant. The basic process of generating electricity is to
electrical current.
2. Excitor
3. Rotor 4. Stator 5. Wicket Gate
Rotor
is the stationary part of the generator made of coils of copper wire. Electricity is produced as the rotors spin past the
Stator
stationary wiring.
Shaft
connects the turbine to the rotor section of the generator. All three elements, the turbine, shaft, and rotor turn at the same speed of 90 revolutions per minute.
Excitor
Wicket Gates
are used to control the volume of water flowing through the turbine.
secondary circuits.
OUTFLOW :
Used water is carried through pipelines, called
tailraces, and re-enters the river downstream.
TRASH RACK :
Almost all small hydroelectric plants have a trash
rack cleaning machine, which removes material from water in order to avoid entering plant water ways and damaging electromechanical equipment.
Controlling Floods
Advantages
Irrigation and agricultural purposes Elimination of Cost of Fuel Less Labour Cost
Dam Failure
Disadvantages
Diminished river flow can be power shortages in areas that heavily depends on hydro power plant.