Lab Activity 8

Axial Skeleton Martini Chapter 7

Portland Community College BI 231

Axial Skeleton
Skull Spine Thoracic Cage Hyoid bone

Cervical Spine
7 Vertebra C1-C7 Concave Posterior

Thoracic Spine
12 Vertebra T1-T12 Convex Posterior Attach to the ribs

Lumbar Spine
5 Vertebra L1-L5 Concave Posterior

Sacral Spine
5 Fused Vertebra Sacrum

Coccyx
4 Fused Vertebra

Intervertebral Foraminae

Intervertebral Disk

Annulus Fibrosus

(Fibrocartilage)

Nucleus Pulposus

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)

Vertebral Foramen

BODY

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)

Bifid Spinous Process

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)

Transverse Processes

Transverse Foramen

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)

Superior Articular Process Superior Articular Facet

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)

Vertebral Arch

Cervical Vertebrae C1: Atlas

Superior Articular Facet

Cervical Vertebrae C2: Axis

Odontoid Process (Dens)

Cervical Vertebrae C1 & C2 Joined Together

Thoracic Vertebrae
Spinous Process

Thoracic Vertebrae
Costal Facets on the Transverse Process (for rib attachment)

Lumbar Vertebrae

BODY

Sacrum

5 Fused Vertebrae

Sacrum

Sacral Promontory

Sacrum

Sacral Foramina

Sacroiliac Joints

Coccyx

4 Rudimentary Vertebrae

Hyoid Bone

Greater Horn Lesser Horn

BODY

Sternum
Sternal Angle

Manubrium

Body

Xiphoid Process

Ribs 1-7: True Ribs

Ribs 8-10: False Ribs

Ribs 11 & 12: Floating Ribs

Ribs

Ribs Attached to Thoracic Vertebrae

Costovertebral Angle

Supraorbital ridge

Frontal Bone

Frontal Bone

Frontal Bone

Frontal Sinus

Parietal Bone
Parietal Bone

Parietal Bone
Parietal Bone

Temporal Bone

Temporal Bone

Temporal Bone

Temporal Bone

Temporal Bone

Temporal Bone
External Acoustic Meatus Zygomatic Arch

Mastoid Process Mandibular fossa Styloid Process

Temporal Bone

Carotid Canal

Jugular Foramen

Occipital Bone

Occipital Bone

Occipital Condyles
Foramen Magnum External occipital protuberance

Sphenoid Bone
Lesser Wing Greater Wing

Pterygoid Process Lateral Pterygoid Plate Medial Pterygoid Plate

Sphenoid Bone
Pterygoid Process

Sphenoidal Sinus

Sphenoid Bone
Lesser Wing
Greater Wing

Sella Turcica

Sphenoid Bone
Hypophyseal Fossa Dorsum Sella

Ethmoid Bone
Crista Galli

Perpendicular Plate

Ethmoid Bone

Middle Nasal Conchae Perpendicular Plate

Ethmoid Bone
Cristae Galli

Cribriform Plate

Perpendicular Plate

Cranium Floor
Anterior Cranial Fossa
Middle Cranial Fossa

Posterior Cranial Fossa

Sagittal Suture
Between the Right and Left Parietal bones
Parietal Bone (Right)

Occipital Bone

Parietal Bone (Left)

Frontal Bone

Coronal Suture
Between the Parietal bones and the Frontal Bone

Parietal Bone

Frontal Bone

Temporal Bone Occipital Bone

Squamous Suture
Between the Parietal bone and the Temporal Bone

Parietal Bone

Frontal Bone

Temporal Bone Occipital Bone

Lambdoid Suture
Between the Parietal bones and the Occipital Bone

Parietal Bone

Frontal Bone

Temporal Bone Occipital Bone

Wormian (Sutural) Bones

Small islands of bone that fill gaps in sutures. Present in varying amounts

Fetal Skull

Fetal Skull Superior View

Orbit

Maxilla
Hard Palate

Mandible
Mandibular Condyle Coronoid Process Alveolar Process

Ramus

Angle
Mental Foramen

Body

Mandible

Mylohyoid Line

Mandibular Foramen

Palatine Bone

Vomer

Zygomatic Bone
Temporal Process

Zygomatic Arch

Facial Bones

Facial Bones

Inferior Nasal Conchae

Middle Nasal Conchae (Ethmoid) Perpendicular Plate (Ethmoid)

Vomer

Sinuses

Ethmoid Air C
Frontal

Sphenoidal

Maxillary

The End