GSM Cell Planning and Optimization Study Case : Sragen Area

Content
Cell Planning Process

Idle Mode Operation

BSS Parameter RF Optimization flow chart Study Cases of RF Optimization

Cell Planning Process

Cell planning can be described briefly as all the activities involved in

determining which sites will be used for the radio equipment, which equipment will be used and how the equipment will be configured

Traffic and coverage Analysis

Collecting required data Making discussion with the client to know their demand. Analyzing traffic and coverage
Required data : Geography data Demography data Data of around network Available frequency Number of customer which wish to cover

Customer demand : GOS 2% 95 % Indoor coverage (C/I > 12 db) > 95%

Nominal Cell Plan - Dimensioning (1)

Geography and Demography data taken from sragen.go.id
Table 1 Geographic + Demographic data Table 2 Demographic data per years

Target subscriber

After the data available, we need to divided the region into smaller cluster, then classify the subdistrict into cluster depend on traffic, contour area, and etc. From the demographic data (Table 2) , we able to calculate % growth of population.

Pt Po (1 r ) n
573333 = 437556 x (1+r)6 r = 0.046 Assume that, in 2010 the operator want to cover 10 % subscriber in the region, so the number of subscribers to be covered : Pt = 10 % x 57333 x (1+0.046)3 Pt = 65629 If traffic allocation per subscriber equal to 60mE then total traffic in Sragen area = 65629 x 60 mE = 3937.74 E
Wide of area which will be covered

Nominal Cell Plan - Dimensioning (2)

From the geographic data we can determine Erlang distribution by

density in each cluster.

The next step, we can calculate the number of required sites depend on

traffic.
Using erlang B table we can count number of sites for cluster sragen tengah

(GOS 2%, 1585.85 Erlang) 1586 TS ~ 227 TRX Sragen tengah locate in center of town and has high traffic we use configuration 5/5/5 so the number of sites required in this cluster : 227/15 TRX = 15 Sites With the same way we can calculate number of sites for the others cluster: Sragen Timur = 9 sites (Config 4/4/4) Sragen Barat = 12 sites (Config 4/4/4) Sragen Utara = 9 sites (Config 4/4/4)

Nominal Cell Plan Link Budget

Link Budget Calculation is required to achieve system balance between

uplink and downlink signal.

Output from system balance is a cell size in every sites.
We can calculate coverage area per sites in suburban and rural cluster by

equation L = k x R2 Lsite suburban L site rural = 1.95 x (1.865)2 = 6.78 km2 = 1.95 x (2.67)2 = 13.90 km2

The next step, calculating number of sites related to coverage.

Choose the biggest one

Nominal Cell Plan - Result

Sragen Utara

Sragen Timur

Sragen Tengah

Sragen Barat

CW Test / Model Tuning

In order to find out appropriate

propagation model, RF Engineer should perform CW Test. Drivetesting should be performed encircle the route and represent all of azimuth. Input all of drivetesting result to the planning tools then conducting calibration to get appropriate propagation model.

Survey
Survey is required to ensure whether the nominal cell

position can be realized or not ? In general, The RF Team should give alternative nominal or informed SAR ( 300m) to survey team, in case the nominal cannot be realized. The survey team should take the panoramic photo around the nominal (0-360 degree), and report to the RF team if appear obstacle around the nominal. Panoramic photo used to determine coverage target/azimuth Survey team also need to survey : road to nominal, electricity, space for equipment.

Detail Planning
All of nominal coordinates must be fixed in detail

planning phase. Scope of works in Detail Planning :

Frequency Planning Parameter Planning (BSIC, MAList, MAIO, HSN, etc) Adjacency planning

The main key in conducting frequency planning is

avoiding co-channel and adjacent interference. For TCH Frequency planning, we able to apply SFH or Baseband hopping in order to reduce the interference.

Detail Planning Frequencies Allocation

SFH Pattern 1x1 will be applied in this implementation Number of Malist frequencies can be calculated by using

equation :
Maximum configuration for the sites 5/5/5, so that number of

required frequencies :
Nfreqs/site = (12 3 ) x 2 + 3.2 = 24 Frequencies
NTRX FL = X 100% # Hoppers

3 sectors with 24 hopping frequencies :

-TCH = 3 TRXs FL = (3/24)*100% = 12,5%

-TCH = 4 TRXs FL = (4/24)*100% = 16,67%

Detail Planning Frequencies Allocation

SFH Allocation untill configuration 5/5/5

MAIO MAIO Step

= 0 = 2

16

Detail Planning HSN Planning

HSN used to the parameter that differentiates the

hopping algorithm between two cells having the same MAList. We can choose best pairs HSN to reduce collision frequencies between server and adjacent.

Drivetest for QOD Program.ppt / 24.04.2008 / VS

Detail Planning Coverage Result

NCC = 4,5 NCC = 5,6 NCC = 0,1 NCC = 2,3

Detail Planning Interference Prediction

Installation and System Tuning

After Installation done, the installation team need to

conduct commisioning (VSWR Measurement, check hardware installation ) The Drive test team also need to verify whether the BTS serving target correctly or not Then, Acceptance Test Procedure is conducted to check how well the KPI meets the demand. Pre Launch Optimization performed to achieve the KPI Target for new site or TRX expansion.

IDLE MODE OPERATION

Normal Cell Selection
Search all the RF channels , take samples during 3-5 s and calculate averages. And put them in ascending order with respect to signal level. Then tune to the strongest RF channel. Tune to the next highest RF channel which is not tried before C1 = (A - Max(B,0)) A = Received Level Average p1 B = p2 - Maximum RF Output Power of the Mobile Station p1 = rxLevelAccessMin Min. received level at the MS required for access to the system p2 = msTxPowerMaxCCH Max. Tx power level an MS may use when accessing the system

Search for the frequency correction burst in that carrier in order to varify if it is a BCCH carrier No

Is it a BCCH carrier?

Yes Try to synchronize to the carrier and read the BCCH data.

Is it a correct PLMN ? Yes Is the cell barred? No Is C1>0 Yes

No

Yes

No

Camp on the cell

Cell Reselection
C1 + cellReselectOffset - temporaryOffset*H(penaltyTime-T) T < = penaltyTime C2 = C1 + cellReselectOffset . T > penaltyTime 1 when T < = penaltyTime H(x) = 0 when T > penaltyTime

Cell Reselection Histerysis

BSS Parameter
BTS Parameter RxLevAMI (0-63) Minimum signal strength for access the BTS in idle mode. CRESOFF (Cell Reselection Offset) (0-25) used for C2 Calculation, normally used in dual band network (GSM<>DCS) RACHBT (RACH Busy Threshold) (0-127) defines a threshold for the signal level on the RACH HRACTT1 (0-100) Half Rate Activation Threshold T3212 (0-255) Parameter LUP Periodically MAXRETR (1,2,4,7) Maximum Retransmission on RACH SDCCHCONGTH (0-100) SDCCH Congestion threshold RDLNKTO (0-15) Timer for Radiolink timeout
Power Control Parameter LOWTLEVD/U (0-63) the lower threshold of the received signal level on the downlink/uplink for power increase UPTLEVU/D (0-63) defines the upper threshold of the received signal level on the uplink/downlink for power reduction LOWTQUAD/U (0-7) the lower threshold of the received signal quality on the downlink for power increase UPTQUAU/D (0-7) defines the upper threshold of the received signal quality on the uplink for power reduction PWRINCSS (DB 2,4,6) defines the step size used when increasing the MS transmit power PWREDSS (DB 2,4) defines the step size used when reducing the MS transmit power

BSS Parameter (2)

Handover Parameter

HOLTHLVDL/UL (0-63) defines the receive signal level threshold on the downlink /uplink for inter-cell level handover decision. HOLTHQUDL/UL (0-7) defines the receive signal quality threshold on the downlink/uplink for inter-cell quality handover decision

Adjacent Parameter

RXLEVMIN the minimum received signal level the adjacent cell must provide to be regarded as a suitable target cell for handover HOM Handover margin for better cell LEVHOM parameter defines the handover margin for handovers due to uplink level or downlink level QUALLEVHOM this parameter defines the handover margin for handovers due to uplink quality or downlink quality

RF Optimization Flow Chart

Start
Check SDCCH Blocking Check TCH Blocking Check TRX Quality Check Alarm

Identify KPI Formula

Check TRX Quality

Check Alarm

Identify the problems

Check Alarm

Check cochannel and co-BSIC Check Interference

Check cochannel and co-BSIC

SDSR Problems ?

Check Interference

Check Interference problems

Check TA Check all others cause (Radio link Failure, T200, Transcoder) from statistics

HOSR Problems ?

Check Neighbor Relation

Check Malist, MAIO and HSN

DCR Problems

Check Handover Failure Per Cause

Check measurement from statistics Take Action list

Check Handover Parameter

Conclusion
Every New Network need good plan for avoid

problems that will be arise. Commonly there are six step in conducting planning. The most critical problems in performing cell planning process is interference. the New Sites onair need to be optimized to achieve the KPI Pre Launch Optimization is done for new sites on air or expansion sites.