MDG GOAL 4

REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

Ms. Harpreet Kaur Lecturer

 The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight international development goals that were officially established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration. All 193 United Nations member states and at least 23 international organizations have agreed to achieve these goals by the year 2015.

8 MDG GOALS

Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education

Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women

Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health

Goal 6: Combats HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases

Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability

Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development

INDICATORS:
Reduce by two thirds the mortality rate among children under five by 2015 Under-five mortality rate Infant mortality rate Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles

GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate. Close to 11 million children die every year before reaching the age of five, or 20 per minute ,30,000 per day. Nearly 4 million of these die in the first 28 days of life.

Most of the deaths are due to causes like pneumonia, diarrhoea, measles, malaria, and neonatal causes.

GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY contd...

Malnutrition is associated with 54% of the deaths. 99% of the deaths are in low and middleincome countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Measles deaths world-wide dropped by nearly 40% between 1999 and 2003.

 Child mortality, also known as under-5 mortality, refers to the death of infants and children under the age of five per 1,000 live births.
Infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of deaths of children less than one year of age per 1000 live births.

 According to UNICEF, most child deaths result from one the following five causes or a combination of: Acute respiratory infections Diarrhoea Measles Malaria Malnutrition

CAUSES OF UNDER 5 MORTALITY

INTERVENTIONS NEEDED FOR REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY

INTERVENTIONS NEEDED FOR REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY

1. Care for newborns and their

mothers

INTERVENTIONS NEEDED FOR REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY

2. Infant and young child feeding

INTERVENTIONS NEEDED FOR REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY

3. Vaccination

INTERVENTIONS NEEDED FOR REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY

4.Prevention and case management of pneumonia, diarrhoea and sepsis

INTERVENTIONS NEEDED FOR REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY

5. Malaria control

INTERVENTIONS NEEDED FOR REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY

6. Prevention and care of HIV/AIDS.

WHO strategies to deliver these interventions

WHO strategies
1.Appropriate home care and timely treatment of complications for newborns

WHO strategies
2. Integrated management of childhood illness for all children under five years old

WHO strategies
3. Expanded programme on immunization

WHO strategies
4. Infant and young child feeding.

WHO strategies
5. These child health strategies are complemented by interventions for maternal health, in particular, skilled care during pregnancy and childbirth.

 The poorest states in India (e.g., Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Orissa, and Madhya Pradesh): are among the most populous in the country, and have among the worst MD indicators.
Owing to more rapid population growth, these states will account for an even larger share of Indias population in 2015. Therefore, Indias attainment of MDGs will largely depend on the performance of these states.

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120

140

20

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1980 1981

Rural Total Urban

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Goal 4. Reduce child mortality: Infant Mortality Rate

GOALS PROGRESS IN INDIA

IMR per thousand live births: 80 (1990) 53 (2008-10) Target is to reduce it to 26.7 (2015)

U5MR per thousand live births: 125 (1990) 74.6 (2005-06) 62 (2010) Target is to reduce it to 42 (2015)

Conclusion
To accelerate progress towards achieving MDG-4 by 2015 there are four areas of concern to address: 1. Large inequities in U5 mortality across states and between social and economic groups inhibit the acceleration in progress. 2. Continued presence of several risk factors, which are significantly associated with infant and U5 mortality retard the progress includes low levels of maternal education (less than class 8) early childbearing (earlier than 20 yrs) inadequate birth spacing (less than 24 months).

Conclusion

contd..

3. Highlight the importance of improving quality of perinatal care for improving child survival.

THANK YOU