Psychiatric

Nursing
The Heart of the Nursing
Profession
 Outline of Psychiatric
Nursing
 Fundamental Concepts of
Psychiatric nursing
 The Definition of Psychiatric Nursing
 The Scope of Psychiatric Nursing
Practice
 Self-Awareness

 Theoretical Framework
 Freud
 Erikson

 Piaget

 Sullivan


 Outline of Psychiatric
Nursing
 The Therapeutic Nursing
Relationship
 The Therapeutic Communication
 Modalities of Psychiatric Care
 Psychiatric Settings- Therapeutic
Environment
 Overview of Psychotherapy-
therapeutic modalities
 Psychopharmacology

 Psychiatric Diagnostic Tests

 Outline of Psychiatric
Nursing
 The Psychiatric Nursing Process
 Psychiatric Assessment: History and
PE
 Diagnostic Examination

 Psychiatric Nursing Diagnosis

 Nursing Planning

 Nursing Implementation

 Nursing Evaluation
 Outline of Psychiatric
Nursing
 Client Responses to illness
 Anxiety and Crisis
 Anger

 Hostility

 Depression

 Abuse

 Violence

 Suicide

 Grief and Loss

 Outline of Psychiatric
Nursing
Psychiatric Disorders: Adult
2. Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders
3. Schizophrenia
4. Mood disorders
5. Personality Disorders
6. Eating Disorders
7. Substance abuse
8. Somatoform disorders
 Outline of Psychiatric
Nursing
Psychiatric Disorders: Children and
adolescents
2. Autism
3. ADHD
4. Mental Retardation
5. Other disorders
 Outline of Psychiatric
Nursing
Psychiatric Disorders: Others
2. Dementia
3. Delirium
 Ready
Colleagues?
by: Peter Glen L. Reyes,
PTRP,RN,MAN
 Nature of Psychiatric
Nursing
Let us first review
terms related to
Psychiatric
Nursing
 Nature of Psychiatric
Nursing
Mental Health
A state of emotional, psychological
and social wellness evidenced by
satisfying interpersonal
relationships, effective behavior
and coping, positive self-concept
and emotional stability (Videbeck)
 lifelong process of successful
adaptation to a changing internal
and external environments
 Nature of Psychiatric
Nursing
Mental Disorder
 A clinically significant behavioral or
psychological syndrome or pattern
that occurs in an individual and that
is associated with present distress,
increased risk of suffering, death,
disability and loss of freedom
(Videbeck)
 Loss of ability to respond to
environment in ways that are in
accord with oneself and society
Mentally Healthy Person
 Accepts himself
 Perceives reality
 Mastery of self and environment
 Autonomy
 Unifying, integrated outlook in life
 Nature of Psychiatric
Nursing
The DSM-TR IV
 A taxonomy that describes all
mental disorders, outlining specific
diagnostic criteria for each based
on clinical experience and research
 Clinicians utilize this to diagnose
psychiatric disorders
 Purpose of DSM-TR:
1. Standard nomenclature
2. Defining characteristics
3. Underlying cause of disorders
 Nature of Psychiatric
Nursing
The DSM-TR IV : Multi Axis
Classification
AXIS I- Major Psychiatric Disorders
AXIS II- Mental Retardation and
Personality Disorders
AXIS III- Current Medical Condition
AXIS IV- Psychosocial and
Environmental Problems
AXIS V- Global Assessment of
 Nature of Psychiatric
Nursing
Historical People Worth Mentioning
2. Aristotle- the Humors

3. Freud- -Psychosexual theory

4. Kraeplin- symptomatic
classification of mental disorders
5. Bleuler- coined “schizophrenia”
 Nature of Psychiatric
Nursing
Psychiatric Nursing in the
Philippines
 GO and NGOs

 Mental health programs

 Nature of Psychiatric
Nursing
Psychiatric Nursing in the Philippines
Mental Health= State of well being,
where a person can realize his
potential
Mental Ill Health= disturbance of
thought, feelings and behavior
Mental Disorder= medically
diagnosable illness
Mental Hygiene= Science which deals
with measures employed to promote
mental health
 Nature of Psychiatric
Nursing
Scope of Nursing Practice
 Individual, family and
community
 Healthy and ill person
 Nature of Psychiatric
Nursing
Self Awareness
 The process by which the nurse
gains recognition of his/her own
feelings, beliefs and attitudes
(Videbeck)
 Initial nursing activity to do
before practicing psychiatric
nursing
 Nature of Psychiatric
Nursing
Self Awareness
 This is accomplish through
reflection, spending time
deliberately focusing on how one
feels and what one values or
believes
Theoretical Foundations
 Mental health -Psychiatric
treatment integrates concepts
and strategies from theories.
 Theoretical frameworks are used
as guides for treatments
 These theories attempt to
explain human behavior, health
and mental illness
Theoretical Foundations
 Theoretical frameworks
 allow the systematic organization
of knowledge
 guide data collection

 provide explanations for assessed

behaviors
 guide care plan development

 provides rationales for

interventions and
 determine evaluation criteria
Theoretical Foundations
Psychosexual- Sigmund FREUD
Psychoanalytical
Theory
Psychosocial Erik ERIKSON
Theory
Cognitive Theory Jean PIAGET

Interpersonal Harry Stack

Theory Sullivan
Moral Theory KOHLBERG

Spiritual Theory FOWLER

Theoretical Foundations
Behavioral Pavlov and Skinner
Theories
Humanistic Maslow and Carl
Theories Rogers
Psychobiology Neuroanatomy and
theory physiology