TITLE:

Architectural design of two storey building for classrooms and staffrooms. PROJECT TYPE: Problem solving. CASESTUDY : Viwege primary school. NAME OF STUDENT: Anthony Mkenda. ADMISSION NO: 100101P7303. COURSE : OD10C.

INTRODUCTION.
Viwege primary school is among of primary
schools in Dar es salaam at Ilala district, it located few meters from Kinyamwezi area. This school started in the year 2003 with 47 pupils, total classrooms at that time were only three. Due to population growth in a particular area, a number of pupils tend to increase day to day, and up to now there are 912 pupils. For this reason 6 classrooms which are present are not enough to accommodate all pupils during class hours.

PROBLEM STATEMENT. The shortage of classrooms and staffrooms at viwege primary school is the major problem of which both teachers and pupils are encountered.

OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT.

To provide architectural design of two storey building, which will suite the need for both pupils and teachers.

EXPECTED OUTCOMES. A designed building will provide a satisfactory learning environment.

METHEDOLOGY.
Literature review, Topographical survey, Data collection, Data analysis, Design consideration.

LITERATURE REVIEW.
Architectural drafting is an art of creating image of buildings, or other items that need to be built. These documents are graphics representations to communicate how to do the construction or installation of a design project.

TYPES OF DRAFTING.
There are three types of drafting, which are: Technical ketch. Here an artist may use sketches to develop ideas for painting or technical sketches are used during the development of ideas for initial or preliminary plans. Mechanical Drafting. This is a refined style of drafting in which the pencil or pen is guided by devices such as t-squares, parallel rules, straight edges, compass, triangles and French curve. Computer Drafting. When drafted documents are prepared on a computer, they are referred to as computer-aided drafting(CAD). Advantage of CAD is the speed of revisions to document.

LITERATURE REVIEW proceed

In the design of a building, architects should be guided by the following principles: The building should be constructed to serve purposes specified by the client. Both inside and outside, the building should be visually pleasing. occupants under normal usage, and the building should provide for safe evacuation or refuge in emergencies.

LITERATURE REVIEW proceed

The building should provide the degree of shelter from the elements and of control of the interior environmentair, temperature, humidity, light, and acousticsspecified by the client and not less than the minimums required for safety and health of the occupants. The building should be constructed to minimize adverse impact on the environment. Operation of the building should consume a minimum of energy while permitting the structure to serve its purposes. The sum of costs of construction, operation, maintenance, repair, and anticipated future alterations should be kept within the limit specified by the client.

DATA COLLECTION.
BELOW ARE THE NUMBER OF TEACHERS PRESENT

WOMEN MEN

TOTAL

11

17

BELOW IS A TABLE SHOWS THE NUMBER OF PUPILS IN VIWEGE PRIMARY SCHOOL TOP HORIZONTAL ROWStandard I to VII FIRST VERTCAL COLUMN..Year from 2003 to 2012

I 2003 47 2004 54 2005 70

II 0 46 52

III 0 0 46

IV 0 0 0

V 0 0 0

VI 0 0 0

VII 0 0 0

TOTAL 47 100 168

2006 80 2007 92 2008 110 2009 117

2010 150 2011 200 2012 250

66 78 89 91
112 147 196

50 66 75 84
90 109 148

44 51 62 70
82 91 106

0 45 47 59
67 78 89

0 0 45 42
56 67 78

0 0 0 45
42 56 66

240 332 428 508

599 748 933

SITE DIMENSIONS

LENGTH

WIDTH

60m

40m

TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY This will be used to determine physical feature of the area by plotting contour of the specific site. It will be easy to plan a drawing after knowing the physical feature of the site. Also Contours provide valuable information about the nature of terrain.

LEVELLING
BS 1.500 IS FS RISE FALL RL 100.000 REMARK X0,Y0

1.400
1.460 1.688 1.571 1.615 1.540 1.425 1.461 1.633

0.100
0.06 0.228 0.117 0.044 0.075 0.115 0.036 0.172

100.100
100.040 99.812 99.929 99.885 99.960 100.075 100.039 99.867

X0,Y10
X0,Y20 X0,Y30 X0,Y40 X10,Y40 X10,Y30 X10,Y20 X10,Y10 X10,Y0

1.705
1.940 1.772 0.168

0.072
0.235

99.795
99.560 99.728

X20,Y0
X30,Y0 X30,Y10

LEVELLING PROCEED
1.700 1.678 1.790 1.712 1.600 1.601 1.660 0.078 0.112 0.001 0.059 0.072 0.022 0.112 99.800 99.822 99.710 99.789 99.900 99.899 99.840 X20,Y10 X20,Y20 X30,Y20 X30,Y30 X20,Y30 X40,Y40 X30,Y40

1.433
1.300 1.420 1.331

0.228
0.133 0.120 0.09

100.068
100.201 100.081 100.171

X30,Y50
X20,Y50 X10,Y50 X0,Y50

1.139
1.300 1.299 1.389 1.500

0.192
0.161 0.001 0.201

100.363
100.202 100.203 100.002

X0,Y60
X10,Y60 X30,Y30 X0,Y0

Contour map of a proposed site.

62m

PROPOSED SITE

73.6m

85m

99m SITE LAYOUT

DATA ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATION 1.Classrooms size. From design unit given by ministry of Education of Tanzania, the standard size of classroom is 9000mm x 7200mm for forty(40) pupils. Also it is recommended that 1pupil should occupies at least 1.54m2 however the size also depend on the furniture used. 2.Number of classrooms The number of classrooms depends on the number of pupils present, for the moment the number of pupils is 912, but the average number of pupils who are supposed to be admitted in each year are between 120-135. For this reason the total number of pupils from standard I to standard VII will be 135x7=945 then, 945 40 24 classrooms 3.Staffrooms and head of school office The ratio of teacher to student for Tanzania is 1:30 hence 32 teachers are required to be present, and one staffroom is recommended to have not more than 16 teachers, therefore (two) 2staffroms and (one) office for the head of school are required.

Design consideration cont.

1.Selection of window size The size of an opening is much influenced by the area of a given room or hall. For my case the area of one classroom is said to be 7.2x9=64.8 m2 Note: The size of an opening should be at least 10% of the total area. For this case 10% of 64.8m2 = 6.48m2. Therefore five(5) windows each of 1500mm x 1200mm and 900mm wide door are required for one classroom. 2.Stairs design procedure. The type of stair chosen is U-stair because it can be constructed easy and also it can provide much freedom when used both for youth and adult. The following procedures were used during stairs designing : A. The distance between finished floors (Total riser) was determined ie= 3000mm 3000 = 1500mm 2 This was done so as to get a distance from floor to the landing = 1500mm B. To determine how many risers will be used by 1500 mm 175 mm 9 risers The reason why 175 is that, the design angle considered here is 30,

Stair design procedures cont.

Consider a table below which shows a summary details for both tread riser and angle:
Tread width 250mm Riser height 175mm angle 30 - 35

Note: The number of treads = Number of risers 1 9- 1 =8 Therefore there are 8 treads. Now, total run = 8x250mm = 2000mm. For more elaboration see sketches below:

LANDING

T O T A L R I S E

T O T A L R I S E TOTAL RUN

TOTAL RUN

THE FOLOWING ARE THREE FLOOR PLANS FOR TWO STOREY OF VIWEGE PRIMARY SCHOOL .

CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM CLASSROOM CLASSROOM CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM

GROUND FLOOR

CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM CLASSROOM CLASSROOM CLASSROOM

STAFFROOM

CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM

FIRST FLOOR.

CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM LASSROOM LASSROOM

CC

HEAD OF SCHOOL OFFICE

CLASSROOM
LIBRARY

SECOND FLOOR

SEATING LAYOUT PLAN

REFERENCES.
Butler, R. (2004). Architectural Engineering Design. Brown. Classroom And Technology Design and Construction Minimum Requirements. (2009). University Committee Of Instruction Facilities. Jonathan, F. M. (2001). Building Design And Construction Handbook . Tokyo. Toronto: T.Ricket. Michigan, U. (2012). Considerations For Planning New General Purpose Classrooms. Michigan: Michigan University. Minnesota, U. O. (2005). Interior Design Student Handbook. Minnesota: Minnesota University.