STRESS RESPONSE

& DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEMS

FATIMAH AMIRAH BINTI LOKMAN (31) FATIN NABILA BINTI YAHYA (32) FATIN NAJIHAH BINTI ZAINUDDIN (33) HAZIQAH BINTI HASHIM (34) HAZIRAH BINTI KAMARUDIN (35) HAZIRAH BINTI HAMZAH (36)

OVERVIEW
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

STRESS RESPONSE

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC

HEAD & NECK

THORAX

ABDOMEN

PELVIS

LIMBS, THORACIC & ABDOMINAL PARITIES

STRESS REACTION RESPONSE OR ALARM REACTION

Increased -heart rate -cardiac contractility -arterial blood pressure

Shifting of blood to important organs

Bronchodilation

Increased level of fatty acids

Cutaneous vasoconstricion & pallor

Relaxation of accomodatory muscles & dilatation of the pupil (eye)

Increased glycogenolysis

STRESS REACTION response @ ALARM REACTION

Boner skeletal Orbelli Phenomenon Contraction splenic capsule Secretion adrenaline & noradrenaline

Increased sweating.
Increased mental activity and tissue metabolism.

Increased alertness.

HEAD AND NECK

SYMPATHETIC
In eye Pupil dilatation (mydriasis) Retraction of eye lid Normal protrusion of eye ball (exophtalmos) Vasoconstriction of lacrimal vessel In salivary gland Vasoconstriction of salivary vessel Viscid salive production rich in organic matter and poor water content

PARASYMPATHETIC
In eye Pupil constriction (Miosis) Dropping of eye lid (Ptosis) Slight backward retraction of eye ball (Endophthalmos) Vasodilation of lacrimal vessel In salivary gland Vasodilation of salivary vessel

HEAD AND NECK

In skin Vasoconstriction of cutaneous vessel producing pallor Stimulating of sweating Piloerection of hair mainly in animals In skin Vasodilation of cutaneous vessel producing flushing of facial skin Inhibition of sweating (Anhydrosis)

Horners Syndrome
CAUSE : UNILATERAL LESION OR INJURY OF SYMPATHETIC SUPPLY TO HEAD AND NECK AS IN CASE OF TUMORS OF CERVICAL LYMPH NODES. MANIFESTATION : MIOSIS (PUPILLARY CONSTRICTION) PTOSIS (DROPPING OF EYE LID) ENDOPHTHALMOS (SLIGHT BACKWARD RETRACTION OF EYE LID) ANHYDROSIS (LOSS OF SWEATING) VASODILATION OF CUTANEOUS VESSEL WITH FLUSHING OF FACIAL SKIN.

THORAX

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

HEART

Stimulation of all cardiac properties Vasodilation of coronaries

Promotes of all cardiac properties Vasoconstriction of coronaries

LUNG

Relaxation of airway
Vasoconstriction of

Contraction of airway
Vasodilatation of pulmonary vessels

pulmonary vessels
Inhibition of bronchial Promotion of bronchial glands glands

SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM LIVER

Stimulation of hepatic glycogenolysis No stimulation

GALL BLADDER

Relaxation of gall bladder

Contraction of gall bladder

Constriction of sphincter Relaxation of sphincter

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Vasoconstriction of renal blood vessels Stimulation of: i. ii. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT (GIT) Adrenaline Noradrenaline

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Vasodilatation of renal blood vessels

KIDNEY

Inhibition: Gastrointestinal secretions

Promotes: Gastrointestinal secretions

Motility
Evacuation Vasoconstriction of the blood supply

Motility
Evacuation Vasodilatation of the blood supply

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

PANCREAS

Inhibition of pancreatic vessels Vasoconstriction of pancreatic vessels Contraction of splenic capsule Vasodilation of pancreatic vessels Relaxation of splenic capsule

Sympathetic & Parasymphatetic supply to Pelvis

For pelvis:
SYMPATHETIC 1. Colon:
Retention of faeces

PARASYMPATHETIC 1. Colon:
Stimulating defecation

2. Urinary Bladder:
Retention of urine

2. Urinary Bladder:
Stimulating urination

3. Pelvis:
Vasoconstrictions of blood vessels

3. Pelvis:
Vasodilations of blood vessels

4. Sex Organs:
For male: Semen is ejaculated. For female: Variable effects according to menstruation phase.

4. Sex Organs:
For male: Ejaculation of semen is inhibited. For female: Variable effects according to menstruation phase.

Limbs, thoracic and abdominal parities

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM SKIN Stimulation of sweat glands leading to increase sweating Stimulation of piloerector muscle producing erection of hair Vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels SKELETAL MUSCLE Vasodilation of blood vessels Increase blood glucose level (increase glycogenolysis in skelatal muscle ) PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM No stimulation of sweat glands-decrease sweating No stimulation of piloerector muscle

No vasoconstriction

No vasodilation Decrease in blood sugar level

Orbelli phenomenon
It denotes to :

Better contraction

Delayed fatigue
Early recovery of skeletal muscle after fatigue

Mechanism of orbelli phenomenon

Increase glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle (stimulation of phosphorylase enzyme )

Increased in blood supply to the muscles (skeletal vasodilatation)

It may due to
Increased oxygen consumption and heat production

Increase motor end plate sensitivity to acetyl choline

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