Standard of Competency

Analyzing natural phenomenon and its regularity in

terms of point object mechanical

Menganalisis gejala alam dan keteraturannya dalam
cakupan mekanika benda titik



Basic Competency
Analyzing the regularity of planet motion in the solar
system based on Newton laws
Menganalisis keteraturan gerak planet dalam
tatasurya berdasarkan hukum-hukum Newton

INDICATOR
analyzing relationship between gravitation
force with the objects mass and its distance
calculating the resultant of gravitation force
on point object in a system
comparing gravitation acceleration and the
strength of gravitation field on different
position
analyzing planet motion in the solar system
based on kepplers law

NEWTONS LAW GRAVITATION
CHAPTER 2
Around 1600 -> german mathematician and astronomer ->
Johannes Kepler -> PLANET MOTION.

Three keplers law about planetary motion :
1. The path of each planet revolving the sun is elliptical
with the sun as the center lies on one of the focus
point
2. An imaginary line connecting the center of the sun to
that of the planets will sweep out the equal areas in
equal time interval
3. The ratio of the square of two planets periods is equal
to the ratio of their average distances from the sun
cubes

A. Phenomenon of Gravitation
Around 1686 -> Isaac newton -> British
physicist and mathematician .

Opinion of Isaac Newton :
1. How the planets revolve the sun while
staying on their elliptical orbits.
2. How the moon could stay on its circular orbit
while revolving the earth.

Gravitational acceleration is 9.8 m/s^2

Moon acceleration can be calculated from
moon centripetal acceleration

2
2
2
2
0027 . 0
4
2
s
m
a
T
R
R
T
R
R
v
a
s
s
=
=
|
.
|

\
|
= =
t
t
) 10 36 . 2 (
) 10 8 . 3 (
6
8
s x period moon T
m x orbit moon of radius R
=
=
B. GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
2
1
) / 10 67 . 6 ( tan
:
2
1
2 2 11
2
2 1
object of mass is m
object of mass is m
Kg Nm x t cons n gravitatio Universal is G
f orce nal gravitatio is F
where
r
m m
G F
g
g

=
Example on page 71
2
13
2
12
0
13 12
2
13
2
12
, 90
2
F F F
become F so is angle the if
Cos F F F F F
FORCE NAL GRAVITATIO OF RESULTANT
+ =
+ + = o
C. GRAVITATIONAL FIELD or
GRAVITATIONAL ACCELERATION
2
2
,
r
M
G
m
r
Mm
G
g
m
F
g so
g a
m
F
a
= =
=
=
=
Example page 78
COMPARE GRAVITATIONAL
ACCELERATION
2
2 2
2
2
2
A
B
B
A
B
B
A
A
B
B
A
A
B
A
r
r
x
m
m
m
r
x
r
m
r
m
G
r
m
G
g
g
= = =
Looking for gravitational acceleration between
two planets
D. POTENTIAL ENERGY
r
m M
G PE
r x
r
m M
G PE
s x F PE
W PE
s x F W
W PE
g
g
=
=
=
=
=
=
2
We know that energy (E) is same as work (W)
Tanda NEGATIF menyatakan bahwa untuk memindahkan benda
bermassa m dari titik yang berjarak r terhadap pusat massa ke titik
yang jauh terhadap pusat massa DIPERLUKAN USAHA
Usaha yang diperlukan untuk memindahkan
sebuah benda dari jarak r1 ke jarak r2 adalah
Suatu benda bermassa 1.6 Kg akan dipindahkan dari permukaan
bumi ke tempat yang memiliki ketinggian satu kali jari-jari Bumi.
Jika massa Bumi 6 x 10 ^24 Kg, jari-jari Bumi 6400 Km, dan
G = 6.7 x 10^-11 dalam SI, berapakah usaha yang harus dilakukan.


1 2 2 1
EP EP W =
>
J x W
R
GMm
R
GMm
W
EP EP W
7
2 1
2 1
1 2 2 1
10 5
......
2
=
=
|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
=
=
>
>
>
E. Relationship between newtons law
of gravitation and keplers law
k
GM
r
T
GM
r r
T
GM
r
M
G
T
r
r
M
G
T
r
=
=
=
=
=
|
.
|

\
|
2
3
2 2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
4
4
4
4
2
t
t
t
t
t
r
M
G
v
r
M
G
r
v
r
Mm
G
r
v
x m
r
Mm
G a x m
F F
s
g s
=
=
=
=
=
2
2
2
2
2
2