WORK MEASUREMENT

Work Measurement

A technique used to determine the best estimate of the time required to perform a task Regardless of the methodology used, the immediate objective of all work measurement studies is the development of standard time Standard time is the time that a person suited to the job and fully trained in the specified method will need to perform the job if he or she works at a normal or standard tempo

How to obtain standard time

1.
2. 3.

4.

Time Study/Stopwatch Method Work Sampling Pre-determined Time Systems (PDTS) Standard Data

Stopwatch Time Study Technique

The method basically involves taking a number of observations for the operation Divide the operation into elements Rate the operators performance Set allowances Check whether a sufficient number of cycles have been timed Compute the standard time

ELEMENTS

10

Average Observed Time

Rating

Normal Time

PICK UP T CARDS AND R POSITION SHUFFLE T

4 4 10

5 37 10
DATE: May 2013 Allowances

R 14 position 47 of cards ACTIVITY BEGINS: ACTIVITY: CARD DEALING Pick-up and OPERATORS ACTIVITY ENDS: NAME: Distribute OCAMPO cards to all players

DISTRIBUTE T CARDS TO ALL PLAYERS R

T R STANDARD TIME PER OUTPUT

18
32

18
65

18

19

18

17

18

30

18

18

Westinghouse Rating Factor

How to set Allowances?

1. Personal Allowance 2. Delay (Unavoidable) 3. Basic Fatigue Between the 5% personal allowance and 4% basic fatigue, most operators are given initial 9% basic allowance, to which other allowances may be added

ILO Recommended Allowances

Formula for Standard Time

Normal Time = Observed Time x R.Factor Standard Time = Normal Time x A.Factor AFjobtime = 1 + A 1 AFworkday = ---------------1A where: A = Allowance % (e.g. 3%, 5%)

Sample Problems

Compute the allowance factor these two (2) cases: 1. The allowance is 20 percent of job time 2. The allowance is 20 percent of work day

Sample Problem No.1

A time study of an assembly operation yielded the following observed times, for which the analyst gave a performance rating of 1.10. Using an allowance of 15 percent of job time, determine the appropriate standard time for this operation.

Sample Problem No.2

Observation Time Observation (mins) Time (mins)

1 2 3 4 5

4.20 4.15 4.08 4.12 4.15

6 7 8 9

4.18 4.14 4.14 4.19

Sample Problem No. 3

Given the following readings : 1 2 3 4 5 0.239 0.052 0.198 0.049 0.080 6 7 8 9 10 0.060 0.068 0.239 0.988 0.239

Sample Problem No. 3

From the above data, determine the representative selected time using :
a. arithmetical method b. modal method

Computation of Number of Cycles

_

n = (zs/ax)2 where : s = standard deviation z = value for a desired confidence level a = accuracy/error (in percent) _ X = mean

Computation of Number of Cycles

n = (zs/e)2
where : s = standard deviation z = value for a desired confidence level e = accuracy/error (in unit of time) _ X = mean

Sample Problem No. 4

Jim and Bob recently conducted time study on a janitorial task. From a sample of 75 observations, they computed an average cycle time of 15 minutes with a standard deviation of 2 minutes. Was their sample large enough that one can be 99% confident that the standard time is with in 5% of the true value. (z = 2.33)

PRACTICE PROBLEMS

WORK MEASUREMENT

Computations for Allowance

COMPUTATIONS FOR ALLOWANCE (MINS) Given : % ALLOWANCE = 15% TASK ALLOWANCE/JOB TIME ALLOWANCE Allowance (minutes) % ALLOWANCE = ---------------------------------------TPT Allowance (minutes) Allowance (minutes) 15% = -------------------------------------------------450 minutes Allowance (minutes)

Computations for Allowance

WORKDAY ALLOWANCE/SHIFT ALLOWANCE Allowance (minutes) % ALLOWANCE = -------------------------------TPT Allowance (minutes) 15% = ------------------------------450 minutes

Work Sampling Technique

A method of finding the percentage occurrence of a certain activity by sampling and random observations Its main objective is to measure the activities and delays of workers or machines and/or working time and nonworking time of a manual operation and establish a standard time for an operation

Work Sampling Sheet

Work Sampling Formula

(total time in mins) x (working time in %) x (performance index in percent) Standard time = ----------------------------------------------- x AF per piece Total number of pieces produced
(480 x 0.85 x 1.10) = ------------------------- x 1.15 = 1.23 mins 420

Number of Sampling Observations

n = [(z/e)2 p(1-p)] n = [(1.65/0.05)2 (0.30)(0.70)] n = [(1.65/0.05)2 (0.30)(0.70)] n = 229 observations

Work Sampling Problems

SAMPLE SOLVED PROBLEMS

Standard Data Concept

SPRAYING TIME AND PRODUCT SURFACE AREA Y =a+b
ST = 20 mins

(x)

ST = ?? ST = 40 mins

Standard Data Formula

a = (x2)(y) - x(xy) n (x2) (x)2 b = n(xy) - x (y) n(x2) - (x)2
y = a + b (x) regresssion line

How to get Standard Time

b = 0.001304 a = 0.10403
Y = 0.10403 + 0.001304 (surface area) Standard Time=0.10403 + 0.001304 (250) Standard Time = 0.429 minutes