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Exhaust
Intake
Power
Compression
Petrol engine : mixture of fuel and air Diesel engine : air only
INTAKE IN CI ENGINE
PROCESS
Operated unthrottled with engine speed and power controlled by the amount of fuel injected during each cycle. This allows for high volumetric efficiency at all speeds, with the intake system designed for very little flow restrictions of the incoming air. Further raising the volumetric efficiency is the fact that no fuel is added until late in compression stroke, after air intake is fully completed. Many CI engines are turbocharged, which enhances air intake even more
INTAKE IN CI ENGINE
The addition of fuel is made late in the compression stroke, starting somewhere around 20 before TDC. Injectors mounted in the cylinder head inject directly into the combustion chamber, where self ignition occurs due to the high temperature of the air caused by compression heating. It is important that fuel with correct cetane number be used in an engine so that self-ignition initiates the start of combustion at the proper cycle position. Injection pressure must be much higher compared to SI engine.
INTAKE IN CI ENGINE
The cylinder pressure into which the fuel is first injected is very high near the end of compression stroke, due to high compression ratio of CI engines. By the time the final fuel is injected, peak pressure during combustion is being experienced. Pressure must be high enough so that fuel spray will penetrate across the entire combustion chamber. Injection pressures of 200 bar to 2000 bar are common with average fuel droplet size generally decreasing with increasing pressure. Orifice hole size of injectors is typically in the range of 0.2 to 1.0 mm diameter.
INTAKE IN SI ENGINE
To start the engine, the crankshaft is rotated by the starter motor causing the connecting rod to draw the piston downwards from TDC to BDC and the inlet valve opens to draw a homogeneous combustible mixture od air abd fuel through the intake manifold inside the cylinder. The air and fuel are mixed together in a carburetor prior to the entry to the engine cylinder and the inlet valve communicates with the carburetor through a throttle valve. Alternatively, the fuel can also be injected into the intake manifold or the inlet port with the help of injectors operated either mechanically or electronically.
INTAKE IN SI ENGINE
Pressure inside the cylinder is lower than the ambient pressure by an amount which depends upon the speed of the engine and the opening of the throttle valve.