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Introduction Nature and Causes of faults Components of Protection Fuse and its types Relay and its types Circuit breaker Earthing Isolator
Introduction
A Substation covers various equipment such as Circuit Breakers, Isolators, Earth Switches, Lightning Arresters, Grounding System and etc. Protection scheme is designed to limit the effects of disturbances in the power system which is allowed to persist, may damage plant and interrupt the supply of electric energy. The greatest threat to the security of a power supply station is short circuit which imposes sudden and violent change in he power system. Rapid isolation of the fault by nearest switchgear will minimize the damage. It covers various types of protection used in switchyard such as relays, circuit breakers and etc.
COMPONENTS OF PROTECTION
FUSES MCB/MCCB RELAYS CIRCUIT BREAKERS EARTHING ISOLATOR
FUSES
Fuse- Fuse is a piece of wire of a material with a
very low melting point. When a high current flows through the circuit due to overloading or a short circuit wires gets heated and melts. As a result, the circuit is broken and current stops flowing.
Types of fuses.
Low voltage fuse. KIT-KAT fuse. HRC (High rupturing fuse). Semiconductor fuse. High voltage fuse. Drop out fuse.
Tripping Current 3 To 5 time full load current 5 To 10 times full load current 10 To 20 times full load current
Application of MCB
B Curve MCB-This type MCB is used for resistive load. e.g. Heater, Oven. C curve MCB- This type MCB is used for inductive load. e.g. Fan, Washing M/C, Fridge, motor, AC, Transformer, D Curve MCB- This type MCB is used where High inrush current is available. e.g. Induction motor, Transformer.
Relays
Relays are electrical switches.
Types of Relay.
Over current relay. Under voltage relay. Earth fault relay. Phase sequence relay. Time delay relay. Buchholz Relay. Frequency Relay.
Buchholz Relay.
EARTHING
Types of Earthing Plate Earthing
Pipe Earthing
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ISOLATOR
Circuit--Isolator Isolators are available in ratings from 11 kV to 132kv. in 1200 A, 1600 A, and 2000 A versions. Style like Side--break, vertical- break, centre break styles. can be furnished, to suit almost any substation layout.
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ELECTRICAL SLD
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