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Objectives
Identify and explain the design and operation of the six basic machines. Describe the factors that affect energy in fluid power systems. Explain how the potential power of a fluid power system is established. Describe the nature of heat and how it is measured in fluid power systems.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Objectives
Explain the nature of electricity and the basic methods used for electrical measurement. Identify and explain the operation of basic electrical circuits. Name and describe the characteristics associated with the fluids used in fluid power systems.
Simple Machines
Millions of designs of complex machines exist in our society today.
Simple Machines
However, there are only six basic types of machines:
Lever Inclined plane Wedge Screw Pulley Wheel and axle
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Simple Machines
Levers
First-class lever
Simple Machines
Levers
Second-class lever
Simple Machines
Levers
Third-class lever
Simple Machines
Inclined plane Wedge
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Simple Machines
Screw
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Simple Machines
Pulley
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Simple Machines
Wheel and axle
Creatas
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Force is the overall effort needed to produce, change, or stop motion Pressure is force exerted over a unit area
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Mechanical Measurements
Torque is a turning or twisting force applied to a shaft
Designated in pound-feet or pound-inches
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Mechanical Measurements
Power is the rate at which work is performed
Designated in foot-pounds per minute
Mechanical advantage is a relationship between the effort put into a machine and the resistance overcome
Calculated using either the forces or distances involved Expressed as a numeric ratio
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
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Mechanical Measurements
Mechanical efficiency is a comparison of the work input and work output of a machine
Calculated by dividing the workput of the machine by the work input Expressed as a percentage Always less than 100% due to losses
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Latent heat is the heat needed to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature
Ice to water Water to steam
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Review Question
Examine the descriptions below and then identify the basic machine: A. Two inclined planes fastened together. B. A spiral inclined plane. C. A circular form of a lever.
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Review Question
Energy in motion is known as _____ energy.
kinetic
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Review Question
The distance traveled in a standard basic unit of time, such as 3 per second, is known as _____.
velocity
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Review Question
Name four ways in which heat is generated in a fluid power system.
A) Resistance to fluid flow in pipes and hoses, B) flow over relief valves, C) flow through flow control valves, and D) internal leakage of pumps and motor.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
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Review Question
The two factors that control the amount of electricity produced by electromagnetic induction are _____ and _____. A) The rate of movement of the conductor or the magnetic field and B) the number of magnetic lines of force cut.
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Review Question
Name the four basic elements of a basic electrical circuit.
A) Electrical conductors, B) control devices, C) loading devices, and D) source of electrical energy.
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Review Question
The basic concept of _____ law is that pressure applied to a confined, nonflowing fluid is transmitted equally to all points in the fluid. Pascals
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