PETROL ENGINE

SUBMITTED BY

SUBMITTED TO

GIRRAJ SINGH DHAKAD

B.E.(E.C. 2ndYEAR)

Lec. Er. KAPIL KESHWANI ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT

ABOUT PETROL ENGINE

A petrol engine (also known as a gasoline engine in North America) is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol (gasoline). The first fast-running petrol engine was invented by the German automobile pioneer Gottlieb Daimler in 1876. Petrol engines have many applications, including:
Motor cars Motorcycles Aircraft Motorboats and etc.

Gottlieb Daimler, inverntor of the first high-speed petrol engine.

ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS

The essential components of the piston-and-cylinder engine are shown on the right. The overall structure of a gasoline engine depends almost entirely upon the intended application. Essential Components:
Cylinder block The main structural member of all automotive engines. Combustion chamber it is defined by the size, location, and position of the piston within the cylinder. Pistons cup-shaped cylindrical castings of steel or aluminum alloy. Connecting rod and crankshaft connecting rod connects the piston to a throw of the crankshaft and converts the reciprocating motion of the piston to the rotating motion of the crank.

ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS (II)

Essential Components (II):

Valves controlls intake and exhaust. Camshaft opens and closes the valves. Flywheel heavy wheel attached to a rotating shaft so as to smooth out delivery of power from a motor to a machine. Bearings a connector that permits the connected members to rotate or to move in a straight line relative to one another. Spark plug device that fits into the cylinder head of an internalcombustion engine to form a spark for igniting the airfuel mixture.

WORKING CYCLES FOUR STROKE CYCLE

Today, internal combustion engines in cars, trucks, motorcycles, aircraft, construction machinery and many others, most commonly use a four-stroke cycle. As their name implies, operation of a four stroke internal combustion engines have 4 basic steps that repeat with every two revolutions of the engine:
1. 2.

3.

4.

Intake Combustible mixtures are emplaced in the combustion chamber Compression The mixtures are placed under pressure Combustion/Expansion The mixture is burnt. The hot mixture is expanded, pressing on and moving parts of the engine and performing useful work. Exhaust The cooled combustion products are exhausted into the atmosphere

WORKING CYCLES TWO STROKE CYCLE

The two-stroke engine completes the thermodynamic cycle in two movements of the piston. This increased efficiency is accomplished by using the beginning of the compression stroke and the end of the combustion stroke to simultaneously perform the intake and exhaust (or scavenging) functions. In this way two-stroke engines often provide strikingly high specific power. Invention of the two-stroke cycle is attributed to Dugald Clerk around 1880 whose engines had a separate charging cylinder.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIESEL & PETROL ENGINES

Petrol engine differs from a diesel engine in the method of mixing the fuel and air, and in the fact that it uses spark plugs to initiate the combustion process. In a diesel engine, only air is compressed, and the fuel is injected into the now very hot air at the end of the compression stroke, and selfignites. In a petrol engine, the fuel and air are usually pre-mixed before compression. The pre-mixing was formerly done in a carburetor, but now it is done by electronically-controlled fuel injection. Pre-mixing of fuel and air allows a petrol engine to run at a much higher speed than a diesel, but severely limits their compression, and thus efficiency.

THE END
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