LIASION

Linda Kirksey, CPP

Hallcrest Studies
Hallcrest l
Selected in 1980 to conduct three-year study of roles, responsibilities and resources of private security and assess the relationship between law enforcement and private security

Hallcrest Studies
Hallcrest ll
In 1990, selected to update Hallcrest l, profile growth and changes, identify emerging issues and present recommendations.

Major Research Questions

Roles-functions-contributions of private security and public law enforcement knowledge
The mutual expectation/ perceptions of private security and law enforcement

Major Research Questions

Communication/ cooperation between private security and law enforcement Competition and conflict between private security and law enforcement Characteristics and standards of the labor and technological resources of both. Identification of emerging issues

Perceptions

Contract Security Manager, police and proprietary security managers rate private security firms poor in
Quality of personnel pre-employment background checks, training supervision familiarity with legal powers

Perceptions

Law enforcement gave private security a fair-to-poor rating in most areas Proprietary security managers rated their own operations as good Contract security managers generally gave poor ratings to the performance of security firms in their geographical area

Perceptions (contd)

Both law enforcement and private security managers felt that private security was relatively effective in reducing the dollar loss of crime and relatively ineffective in apprehending criminals.

Interactions

Law enforcement officers - professional Private security personnel - nonprofessional Private security managers felt police cooperated 20% law enforcement were satisfied with the way security personnel handled incidents

Interactions

Private security assists law enforcement investigations by

providing investigators undercover operatives investigative accountants photographic, CCTV or surveillance equipment money for rewards, buys, overtime pay and information

How to improve private security

Improve training Improve personnel selection methods Pay higher wages Establish and improve licensing and regulations

How to improve public and private sector relations?

Closer cooperation Management meetings Understand respective roles Information exchanges Improving communication

Security and police growth contrasts

1990 - 2.4 private security officers for every law enforcement officer 2000 - 2.8 - 3 to 1 ratio Law enforcement profile
1990 623,000 officers 2000 684,000 officers

Four Main Factors for Private Security Growth

Workplace crime Increasing fear of crime Decrease in Government spending Increasing awareness of security products and services as cost effective

Proprietary vs. Contract Security

Advantage of Contract
less expensive more flexible more impartial

Proprietary vs. Contract Security

Advantage of Proprietary
high quality more control more loyalty higher prestige

Major Security - Police Issues

Privatization False Alarms Police Moonlighting Private Justice

Major Security - Police Issues

Privatization
response to burglar alarms completing incidents reports
when victim declines prosecution files for insurance

Major Security - Police Issues

False Alarms
Constitutes 10%-30% of total volume 95% - 99% are false

Major Security - Police Issues

Police Moonlighting
81% of departments permit 150,000 officers regularly moonlight Law enforcement executives oppose
conflict of interest situations liability issues preparedness for duty problems

Major Security - Police Issues

Police Moonlighting
Three common methods for hiring
direct hire department contracts with the firm through union or association

Contract agencies
Feel it is unfair competition

Major Security - Police Issues

Private Justice
Charging policies of prosecutors Administrative delays in prosecution Prosecutorial policy objectives Differing goals of CJ and business Freedom of Information Act and rules of discovery Unsympathetic attitude of courts to business losses

Economic Crime

Financially motivated crime with a direct impact on the economy.

Indirect Costs of Economic Crime

Effects on business Effects on government Effects on the public

Liability is the largest indirect cost of economic crime for the last 20 years.

Findings Recommendation, Forecasts and Research

Fear of crime results in increased use of services Frequency and cost of economic crime will continue to grow Private security will be younger and better educated Personnel screening needs upgrading

Findings Recommendation, Forecasts and Research

Decrease in armed personnel - by 2000 5% or less By 2000 - 750 K contract VS. 410 K proprietary Security revenues
now 52 billion by 2000 103 billion

Findings Recommendation, Forecasts and Research

Private vs. public ratio almost 3 to 1 by 2000 Economic crime research needed Need to study the cost effective benefits of security measures National study of false alarms Security training Guard Wages

A key element in focusing the use of police and security resources to address crime problems is commonly called: A. B. C. D. Data collection and analysis Systematic evaluation of data available Crime analysis Analysis and feedback

A key element in focusing the use of police and security resources to address crime problems is commonly called: A. B. C. D. Data collection and analysis Systematic evaluation of data available Crime analysis Analysis and feedback

According to estimates, about 1/3 of all business failures are caused by:

A. B. C. D.

Thefts by outsiders (non-employees) Thefts by employees Mismanagement Poor quality of product

According to estimates, about 1/3 of all business failures are caused by:

A. B. C. D.

Thefts by outsiders (non-employees) Thefts by employees Mismanagement Poor quality of product

What was the most frequent recommendation made by both law enforcement and security managers to improve private security and their working relationships with the police?

A. B. C. D.

Higher entry-level pay Upgrading quality of security personnel A planned educational program involving both police and private security Requirement of being armed

What was the most frequent recommendation made by both law enforcement and security managers to improve private security and their working relationships with the police?

A. B. C. D.

Higher entry-level pay Upgrading quality of security personnel A planned educational program involving both police and private security Requirement of being armed

The most frequently shared resource between law enforcement and private security is:

A. B. C. D.

CCTV and other surveillance equipment Personnel Buy Money for stolen goods Reward money

The most frequently shared resource between law enforcement and private security is:

A. B. C. D.

CCTV and other surveillance equipment Personnel Buy Money for stolen goods Reward money

The main objective of private security is:?

A. To apprehend those who steal property from their firms To protect assets and prevent losses To assist police in investigation of crimes To prevent unauthorized persons entry on firms property

B. C. D.

The main objective of private security is:?

A. To apprehend those who steal property from their firms To protect assets and prevent losses To assist police in investigation of crimes To prevent unauthorized persons entry on firms property

B. C. D.

The two major components of economic crime have been:

A. B. C. D.

Employee theft and corporate bribery Fraud and embezzlement White collar and ordinary crime Computer and ordinary crime

The two major components of economic crime have been:

A. B. C. D.

Employee theft and corporate bribery Fraud and embezzlement White collar and ordinary crime Computer and ordinary crime

What is the most frequently investigated crime by private security?

A. B. C. D.

Employee theft Shoplifting Bad checks Embezzlement

What is the most frequently investigated crime by private security?

A. B. C. D.

Employee theft Shoplifting Bad checks Embezzlement

The End