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6BIO8 paper code

6B Paper discussion

By.J.Sharmila Christy Biology Teacher , Villa International High School, Male

Republic of Maldives

6 B PAPER HAS 3 QUESTIONS

Q1,

Based on AS &A2 practical experiments Be thorough in doing these practical's , procedure, precautionary methods
Q2.

Statistical test 5 tests for calculating mean , median, mode & differences
Q3.

Planning an Investigation steps of doing, analysis & interpretation of data

STATISTICAL TESTS USED

1.Correlation Spearman Rank Test Correlate between factors 2.T Test MEAN 3.Chi2 Test Goodness to fit

4.Wilcoxon paired Match Test( W Test) For paired data

5.Mann Whitney ( U Test ) MEDIAN

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT SIGNIFICANCE OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2 VARIABLES (DV & IDV )

EG: TEMPERATURE AND RATE OF ENZYME ACTION .
SCATTERED GRAPH

Null Hypothesis There is no significant relationship between the independent and dependent variable If calculated value, at p = 0.05 , 5% significance level, is greater than critical value , REJECT Ho Degree of freedom = n-1 , n= no of measurements

GRAPH

DV

IDV

T-TEST

USED IN CALCULATING MEAN VALUES

DATA IS SHOWN IN NORMAL DISTRIBUTION GRAPH

EG: TEMPERATURE AND RATE OF ENZYME ACTION .

SCATTERED GRAPH

Null Hypothesis : There is no significance difference between the mean value of set one and set two

If calculated value > Critical value ,at p =0.05 (5%) REJECT Ho Degree of freedom = n-2

MANN WHITNEY ( U TEST )

For

comparing the MEDIAN VALUE Data is not normally distributed , it is skewed

Null Hypothesis : There is no significant difference between the median values of sample 1 & sample 2 There will be two values U1 and U2 The smaller U value is the calculated value If calculated value > Critical value ,at p =0.05 (5%) ACCEPT Ho Degree of freedom = n-2

Median

Factor/ unit

WILCOXON MATCHED PAIRED TEST W TEST

Used

to determine if the difference between two sets of data measuring the same variable must be matched in pairs

Data

Single

unique way to link data from one set to another

Eg

, pulse rate before & after exercise Usually bar graphs , with bars in pairs

CHI 2 TEST
Used

to measure goodness of fit Used to test whether the difference between the observed values are significantly different from the expected value Usually bar graph in pairs Eg A rat is placed in such a cage
probability of rat chosing the open door Exp ratio : N S E W 1 :1 :1:1 Obser ratio 9:11:8:12

Mostly used in genetic questions

NULL HYPOTHESIS : THERE IS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE OBSERVED &

EXPECTED VALUES

After doing the chi2 test If calculated value > Critical value ,at p =0.05 (5%) REJECT Ho Conclusion : There is a significant difference between the observed and the expected value

If calculated value < Critical value ,at p =0.05 (5%) ACCEPT Ho Conclusion : There is no significant difference between the observed and the expected value, any difference is due to chance alone

RULES TO REMEMBER

FOR W U

For T,Chi2, Corr

Calculated

Calculated

Value >critical value

ACCEPT

Value >critical value

Ho

REJECT

Ho