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By J.C.WASON
PLANE TRUSS ( All members and All loads lie in the same Plane )
PLANE FRAMES : PORTAL FRAMES ( All loads and All members in the same Plane )
PLANE FRAMES :
A Plane Frame can resist loads applied only in its own plane. A Plane Frame is not stable to forces perpendicular to its plane.
SPACE FRAMES :
A Space Frame is a Three dimensional assembly. A Dome is a Typical example of a Space Frame.
A Space structure can resist loads applied at any point, at any inclination to surface of structure and in any direction.
SPACE FRAMES :
Thus, for a Space Frame:
( i ). Members of the Space Frame are located in Three dimensions in space.
Py
A MULTISTOREYED FRAMED BUILDING IS A SPACE STRUCTURE WITH MEMBERS LOCATED IN SPACE, AND SUBJECTED TO FORCE IN X, Y & Z PLANES
Pz Px
COLUMN BEAM
Py
Py
Px Z X Pz
Y
A MULTISTOREYED FRAMED BUILDING IS A SPACE STRUCTURE WITH MEMBERS LOCATED IN SPACE, AND SUBJECTED TO FORCES IN X, Y & Z PLANES
SPACE STRUCTURES :
Steel Space Frames RCC Space Frames
(i). Single layered Space Example : Hall of Nations Structures : (Derive strength due to curvature) Example : Retreading Factory, Jabbalpur. (ii). Double Layered Space Frames : (Double layered space structures) Example : Hall of 14, Pragati
HALL OF NATIONS, PRAGATI MAIDAN, NEW DELHI AN EXAMPLE OF CONCRETE SPACE STRUCTURE
HALL OF NATIONS, PRAGATI MAIDAN, NEW DELHI AN EXAMPLE OF CONCRETE SPACE FRAME
39014.4
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
31035.6
HALF SECTION
LVL .5
LVL .4
C L
4876.8
73152
39014
(iv). Joints hinged and members subjected to Axial Forces (Axial compression/axial tension). (v). Similar to shell behavior.
PLAN
ELEVATION
SIDE VIEW
PLAN
ELEVATION
PLAN
196 m Dia ( 50000 seating Capacity) Steel Dome Roof for Haris County Sports Stadium, Texas, USA
2. Higher Indeterminancy :
Due to high level of indeterminancy, overstressing or buckling of any individual member under any concentrated load may not lead to collapse of the structure. The load will get distributed to other adjoining members leading to even distribution of stress under concentrated loads in several directions.
3 . Structural efficiency.
4. Efficient for loads acting in Any plane.
60 - 80
32 - 45
3.
20 - 30
15 - 20
( ii ). Reduction in Cost :
Cost of roofing with such systems is less than cost of traditional RCC systems.
( iv ). Less E Q forces :
E Q force acting on a structure is a function of mass of the structure. As Mass of such systems is comparatively small, E Q force on such structure is also small. Due to smaller overall wt. E Q forces normally are NOT critical for their design. Such strctures are more critical for wind loads and not for E Q loads.
( 3 ). Structural efficiency :
Due to its interconnected members in space, any load applied at any point gets distributed to other distant members leading to a leading to reduction of stresses in members directly under the load and a fairly even distribution of the stresses throught the structure. This results in more efficient and economical Structural design.
(i). Simply supported spans : d/L = 1/18 to 1/25 (ii). Cantilevered spans : d/L = 1/9 where : d = Depth of system L = span
2. Optimum bay dimensions : a = 1.2d to 2.5d
0.866a
a
DOUBLE LAYERED GRID PLAN OF GRID ELEVATION OF GRID
a
SQUARE OVER SQUARE PLAN OF GRID ELEVATION OF GRID
BASIC UNIT
PLAN
ELEVATION
a2/2
(c) TWO-WAY SPACE GRID WITH SQUARE PYRAMIDS (SQUARE ON SQUARE OFFSET)
CORNICE
VERTICAL
MANSARD
LOCATION OF SUPPORTS
KEY PLAN
PART PLAN AT A
SECTION
Ajay/pentium 4/ D - Drive
WELDED SEAM
KK SYSTEM (MERO)
VIEW B B
SECTION A A
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)