SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR

BY N.VIJAYALAKSHMI Roll.No.30

What is SET?
Single electron transistor (SET) is a device of single electronics It is of nanometer-scale devices SETs can solve the intrinsic drawbacks of CMOS technology it can be combined with CMOSs to improve overall performance of integrated circuits -reducing power consumption and achieving greater functionality

Contnd..
SET can be viewed as a field-effect transistor in which the channel is replaced by two tunnel junctions forming a metallic island

FET Vs SET
field-effect transistor when electrons are added to a semiconductor on and turns off when they are removed. One then has a transistor that turns on and off again every time one electron is added to it we call it a single electron transistor the electrons are confined within a small volume and communicate with the electrical leads by tunnelling Aggressive scaling of MOSFET dimensions to near-10nanometer scale is expected to produce a number of fundamental reliability issues related to irregular dopant distributions, parameter fluctuations, and continuity of the channel region.

PRINCIPLE OF SET

A SINGLE ELCTRON BOX

OPERATION OF A SET TRANSISTOR

The key point is that charge passes through the island in quantized units For an electron to hop onto the island, its energy must equal the Coulomb energy e2/2C When both the gate and bias voltages are zero, electrons do not have enough energy to enter the island and current does not flow

Contd..
As the bias voltage is increased an electron can pass through the island when the energy in the system reaches the Coulomb energy This effect is known as the Coulomb blockade If the gate voltage is increased, the energy of the initial system gradually increases, while the energy of the system with one excess electron on the island gradually decreases

VERSIONS OF SET
two versions "metallic" and "semi conducting".

FABRICATION OF SET

AFM image of a single electron transistor made by the STM nano-oxidation process Schematic of a single electron transistor

APPLICATIONS OF THE SET

SETMOS a hybrid combination, similar to that of SET and FET, of SETs and CMOS transistors in SETMOS devices can provide enough gain and current drive to perform logic functions on a much smaller scale than possible with just an CMOS

APPLICATIONS OF THE SET

ELECTROMETERS TO INCREASE BATTERY LIFE IN PORTABLE ELECTRONICS RADIO-FREQUENCY SET
fast responsive and high sensitivity electrometer

CONCLUSION
Because of its small size, low energy consumption and high sensitivity, SET has found many applications in many areas SETs could be used for memory device, but even the latest SETs suffer from offset charges, which means that the gate voltage needed to achieve maximum current varies randomly from device to device.