FTTx Market Overview

What is FTTx? Covers a wide variety of cabling/data applications: FTTH Home Fiber FTTB Business (also called FTTE or FTTP) FTTC Provisioning to the curb (hybrid fiber/copper networking)

Fiber to the Home

Fiber to the Curb

Fiber to the Business

Why Residential FTTx?

Bandwidth capabilities: Support for Broadcast quality or HD quality TV (IPTV) and high speed data access QoS: Provisioning of VoIP services Distance support: MMF can be up to 2Kms, SMF can be up to 120Kms (typical SMF FTTx is normally max 20Km) Triple play: One provider, one invoice for three services

Bandwidth Requirements
Delivering FTTH services requires bandwidth:
Acceptable high speed Internet 8 to 10Mbps Video over IP (broadcast quality MPEG2) 3Mbps (required per set-top box) Video over IP (HD-TV MPEG2) 12Mbps (required per set-top box) Video over IP (HD-TV MPEG4) 6 to 8Mbps (required per settop box) VoIP 128Kbps (QoS is more important)

Why Business FTTx?

Bandwidth Capabilities: Offer 10, 100 or 1,000Mbps connectivity Provide QoS at the edge: Traffic grooming via layer 2 (VLAN), or layer 3 (TCP/UDP) services, prioritization Upgrades: As bandwidth demand increases, open up the pipe Management: proactively manage the network

FTTx - Point to Point

Typically an Ethernet deployment:

Point to point
Fiber runs are specific: Fiber links end point (CPE), directly to CO Run lengths: MDU/FTTH = approx 300m to 600m Estate/FTTH = approx 2Km to 15Km FTTB = approx 2Km to 20Km Cable types: MDU/FTTH, typically 50 micron MMF Others, typically SMF

Types of Fiber
Multi-mode Fiber (MM) Typically 50 or 62.5 micron core Will work with low cost optics (LED) High loss, low bandwidth, short distance Relatively easy installation Single-mode Fiber (SM) Typically 9 micron core Single strand of silica core Works with LASER based optics Low loss, high-bandwidth Higher skilled installers needed

Types of Fiber (cont.): Single-Strand Fiber*

Normally, IT equipment uses TWO strands one to receive light, the other to send Now, advances in optics allow users to send/receive using only ONE strand Why do this? Double the data capacity of cable Mix protocols over the existing fiber plant: e.g. Ethernet over one strand, DS3/E3 over the other Single-Strand versions are now available for most of IMC Networks products

* Now standardized by the IEEE as 100Base-BX (BiDi)

Single-Strand Fiber (cont.)

How does it work? Light is transmitted at TWO different wavelengths (think Wave Division Multiplexing, or think TWO different colors) In one direction light @ 1310nm is used, in the return direction light @ 1550nm is used

Point to Point
Access Method is normally Ethernet - Why? Ubiquitous technology Compatibility Low cost Fully understood Traffic grooming/QoS available IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet in the First Mile, creating new cabling and OAM standards

Ethernet Point to Point

For the installer: Since its Ethernet, you already understand it For the operator: Lower capex, Ethernet is available from many vendors For the user: High bandwidth (10Mbps, or 100Mbps), allows multiple services

Ethernet in FTTx
Ethernet was never designed for FTTx applications Bandwidth control is not reliable (CIR, EIR*) Physical layer management and fault detection is poor only standard is the Link Integrity Test More fault diagnostic features can be added via SNMP e.g. packet monitoring, loopback Only issue: you need physical layer connectivity for SNMP to operate Telco customers expect more from the physical layer protocols
*CIR = Committed Information Rate, EIR = Excess Information Rate

IEEE802.3ah
IEEE EFM physical standard:

8 0 2 .3 a hE th e r n e tr o a dm a p

802.3ah
10Pass-TS/2Base-TS: Copper based standard, designed to offer a quick fix to EFM, FTTC application (e.g. Belgacom Broadway) 100Base-LX10*: 100Mbps over maximum of 10Km SMF 100Base-BX10*: BiDi (Single strand), WDM utilizing 1550 and 1310 nm (1550 always the core lambda)

* Power budgets and attenuation requirements also defined

802.3ah
Also offers OAM (Operations, Administration and Maintenance)
Ethernets weakness not connection based, therefore, whats happening at the other end of the cable? Provisioning of statistics, Link status etc.

802.3ah - OAM
OAM (Operations, Administration, Maintenance): A peer to peer management system offering link management. Both devices on the link must support OAM to work. Management data exchanged via OAMPDUs (Protocol Data Units), OAMPDUs carried by standard Ethernet frame

Link management via 802.3ah OAMPDUs

802.3ah - OAM
OAMPDUs do not travel from the CO device (MAC to MAC), therefore, the CO needs an SNMP agent with OAM capability OAMPDUs a slow protocol with a unique EtherType

OAM stack: can be implemented in hardware or software

802.3ah - OAM

Dest Address: multicast EtherType 8809: slow protocol Subtype 3: 802.3ah traffic Dest Address/EtherType ensure that OAM traffic is not propagate further than the MAC layer i.e. OAM traffic stays within the link Slow protocol = +/- 10 frames per second (other example: link aggregation control protocol (LACP) )

802.3ah - OAM

OAMPDU: Within the OAMPDU data is represented via typelength-value (TLV) format.

802.3ah - OAM
Functionality: Discovery (initial stage). Identify if the other device is OAM compliant also establish if certain functionality is available (e.g. loopback)

Remote loopback. Enable/disable remote loopback. Note: loopback is dumb, however loopback traffic stays within the link

802.3ah - OAM
Functionality (cont..): Remote Failure. Link Fault: This flag is raised when a station stops receiving a transmit signal from its peer. Dying Gasp: This flag is raised when a station is about to reset, reboot, or otherwise go to an operationally down state. Critical Event: This flag indicates a severe error condition that does not result in a complete re-set or re-boot by the peer entity.

802.3ah - OAM
Functionality (cont..): Event Conditions. OAM also defines a set of standard event conditions that Ethernet links should monitor in normal operation, and if detected, should be signaled to a peer entity: Errored Symbol Period Event e.g. 1,000 symbols out of 1,000,000 had errors Errored Frame Period Event e.g. 10 frames out of 1000 had errors Errored Frame Event e.g. 10 frames in 1 second had errors

802.3ah - OAM
Functionality (cont..): Vendor specific TLVs can be developed: Fiber power measurement Enhanced error monitoring e.g. oversized frames, congestion, link flap However, vendor specific means both ends of the link need to be from the same vendor.

802.3ah - OAM
Whats missing? Quite a lot: 802.3ah OAM is designed to provide enhanced link monitoring 802.3ah OAM is NOT designed to act as a configuration protocol e.g. enable/disable features, configure specific functionality etc.. If youre using active CPEs that supports VLAN tagging, 802.3ah is no use whatsoever in configuring the VLANs VLAN tagging, prioritization, rate limiting etc.. you still need to use SNMP

OAM - conclusions
OAM is needed Ethernet is perceived as being weak with link fault monitoring OAM also defines a standard loopback and also last gasp functions OAM does NOT replace SNMP if youre using intelligent CPE devices

Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF)

Industry body developing Metro Ethernet Standards: 802.1ag: Connectivity Fault Management An enhanced OAM standard (compatible with 802.3ah), to manage an entire end to end link MEF standards currently under development: Resilient Rings Service Provisioning models MPLS/Ethernet connectivity

Point to Multipoint (PONs)

Passive Optical Networking* (PONs) New development when compared to Ethernet Represents point to multipoint architecture Based on active and passive equipment Cell or ATM like behavior, with an element of TDM Offers link management (OAM functionality)

* Driving force is ITU/FSAN

PONs
A PON is constructed using active equipment and passive equipment:

ONTs OLT
OLT Optical Line Terminator (active) Splitter(s) - Up to 32 fibers out (passive) ONT Optical Network Terminals (active)

PONs architecture:

Source: Corning

PONs
How does data travel on a PON? PONs are shared media: Downstream data is broadcast from the CO, each CPE will recognize its own data Upstream data is via TDM Up to three lambdas are normally used: 1550nm downstream data 1310nm upstream data 1470nm for CATV overlay

PONs Installer perspective

PONs = multiple hubs and spokes Much more thought is required for the cabling layout: Placement of splitters is critical Often its vendor specific, installation normally will be single source (not good) Only operates on SMF Once the PON is in place, what protocol will you use? B-PON, A-PON, G-PON, E-PON??

Splitter suggestions from one vendor

Source: Corning

PONs
The bandwidth is shared A-PON/B-PON = 622Mbps Divide the above between 32 customers = 19Mbps per customer G-PONs/E-PONs = 1gig Divide the above up between 32 customers = 32Mbps How do you provide IPTV? Simple, you cannot

Some examples - FTTH

Sweden- Vllingby-net 20,000 homes passed / 6,500 subscribers (TUR = 33%) Infrastructure owed by the housing association (Svenska Bostder 55k apartments in Greater Stockholm) Infrastructure management/ provisioning by Telia Data/IPTV connectivity provided by 8 different ISPs Local peering agreement 70% of all traffic handled by peering

Some examples - FTTB

City of Ried (Austria) Networks owned by Energie Ried, managed by Infotech (ISP) Enegrie Ried provides right of way, Infotech the active equipment Currently 75Km of core fiber (main rings are 48 pair) Providing 100Mbps connectivity for the city and its institutions (town hall, police, fire services) Offering FTTB access (currently, 300 businesses) Planning on FTTH upgrade to offer data, voice and video in 2005

Utfors (Telenor), Sweden

Provisioning FTTB services: 2Mbps (PRI-ISN) 10Mbps, 100Mbps & 1,000Mbps (Ethernet) IMC Equipment in use: iMediaCenter/18x (DC) POP McBasic TX/FX CPE Upgrading currently to AEL/4 Approx 1,500 customers served by IMC equipment Also using FiberWay on optical backhaul for 3R

BT Exact, Sweden
Competitive pan-Nordic telecoms provider Offering FTTB services over the whole of Sweden Direct competitor to Utfors/Telenor Provisioning via: iMediaCenter/18x (POP) AEL/4 (CPE) Plans to upgrade CPE links to Gigabit Ethernet in 2006

Brutl, Belgium

CATV, Competitive fiber carrier in the Brussels region FTTB offering is Brutlcom@profibre LAN extension services (ELine), managed shared access (EAccess) System built around FiberLinX-II-II and Access EtherLinX-II-II Core switching provided by Cisco YTD: Approx $120k of kit

Vodatel, Croatia
Croatian telco operator, currently deploying FTTB in Zagreb (Croatian market liberalized in 2005) Currently, 350+ business customers Core switches from Nortel Business CPE = AEL/4
Several other competitors to Vodatel are also starting to buy the AEL/4

Other Users
USA: Time Warner Inc. Delivering business fiber services using IMCs FiberLinX-II-II CPE Atrica. OEM customer for 100Mbps and Gigabit versions of FiberLinX-II-II UK: Currently tendering to supply FTTC solution for British Telecom Others: Teledis (Belgium), Lattelekom (Baltic's), Chilean PTT, ntl: (UK), Slovenian Telecoms, T-Online, CzechCom etc..

Core Product Focus: FTTx Fiber To The x

Fastest growing subset of the Media Conversion market Two types: Fiber to the neighborhood, curb or business (FTTN/FTTC/FTTB) Fiber to the premises or home (FTTP/FTTH) Incumbent local exchange carriers Competitive or emerging carriers Municipalities, utilities, real estate developers and other operators CATV operators

FTTx Access Products: Intelligent Solutions for the Networks Edge

FiberLinX-II Point to Point Optical Ethernet Connection Provision high-speed Internet, Ethernet Private Line and Transparent LAN services SNMP Managed

FiberLinX-II Access EtherLinX Layer-2, VLAN based secure Multi-user Optical Access Edge Device Performs a conversion from fiber to twisted pair LAN Rate limiting/bandwidth feature on all ports enables service providers to offer Ethernet Private Line and Transparent LAN services AccessEtherLinX/4

iMcV-FiberLinX-II

Modular device provides single conversion from 100Base-FX to 10/100Base-TX Or, Gigabit conversion 10/100/1000 Copper to 1Gbps fiber Embedded SNMP agent Installs into a dumb chassis* Optional SNMP port or VLAN tag the SNMP traffic Can operate as:
A pair CO <=> CPE

Standalone demarcation device

Or via UMA* Rate limiting available, respects VLAN tags, writes extra tag (Q in Q) Two priority queues Can also work in transparent mode

* Managed CO chassis needed for UMA (see later)

Giga-FiberLinX-II-II

Double-wide module used to connect two remote networks over fiber optics Can operate as a pair CO <=> CPE Designed for Managed Optical Ethernet applications Both end-points and the link can be viewed as a single management entity (UMA) Supports 4,094 VLAN tags (802.1Q), stacked VLANs and two priority queues Rate limiting available Supports transparent mode (auto-negotiation) Provides single conversion from 10/100/1000 Copper to 1Gbps fiber Offers choice of fiber or SFP uplink/downlink ports DB-9 serial port for local management

FiberLinX-II-II Application Diagram

IE-MiniFiberLinX-II-II
Smallest fiber optic demarcation device on the market. All functionality of the modular FiberLinXII-II (SNMP, VLAN, QoS, rate limiting etc..) 100Mbps fiber to 10/100 copper Enables service providers to deliver highspeed Internet, Ethernet Private Line and Transparent LAN services over fiber to customer premises. Also acts as copper to fiber media converter Allows lower-cost copper-port switches to connect to the fiber network

IE-MiniFiberLinX-II-II (cont.)
Industrial Ethernet means: Extended power options 802.3af PD 5VDC (external power brick) External 5VDC to 60VDC DIN rail mountable Supports operating temps of -45C to +70C Robust management Operators can monitor the entire link between two locations. Management traffic and customer data are isolated. QoS Support IEEE 802.1p-based packet prioritization

IE-MiniFiberLinX-II-II Application

Solar panels power remote 802.3af-compliant (PSE) Access Point (AP) AP sends power and data over Ethernet to IE-MiniFiberLinX-II-II IE-MiniFIberLinX-II-II delivers data over fiber to Central Office

Universal Management Agent (UMA)

The Unified Management Agent (UMA) allows operators to use a single IP address to centrally manage FiberLinXII-II modules installed in an iMediaChassis chassis. Leverages FiberLinX-II-IIs on-board intelligence Also allows management of remote FiberLinX-II-II modules connected to the modules in the chassis Allows central management and firmware upgrades over multiple devices.

Access EtherLinX-II-II/4
Five port device 1x fiber, 4x 10/100 Offer rate limiting/bandwidth on all ports independently Write/read L2 VLAN tags on downlinks (perfect for traffic classification) Data can be switched within the device via tagging Supports up to 4096 individual VLAN ID tags per downlink Write 802.1p bit on downlink traffic, two priority queues internal in the device, passes p-tag For FTTE (enterprise access) and private MAN networks

Access EtherLinX-II-II Application Diagram

Chassis CO Solutions

Chassis Overview

iMediaChassis 20 slot

i means intelligent i.e. managed 20-slots for Modules, 1-slot for SNMP (daughter board) All boards are hot swappable Settings are preserved when SNMP module is exchanged Supports SNMPv1 or SNMPv2c, and telnet capabilities Bigger 280W power supply units (2 Amp per slot delivery) Monitor fan speed and dual temperature zone User replaceable fans Last gasp alarm Operational temperature up to 50C

iMediaChassis 6 slot

6-Slot Managed Chassis Offering dual PSU (mix & match AC & DC power supplies in same chassis) Support for six modules and SNMP board Targeted users: More demanding environments Telco grade solutions (NEBS-III pending) Compatible with ALL existing iMcV modules

MediaChassis/1 and /2

Unmanaged chassis Mix and match iMcV slide-in converter modules Internal AC or DC power options Wall mount and rack mount options

IE-MediaChassis
Single slot chassis for IE-iMcV modules Offers many of the same features as IE-MiniMc DIN rail mounting Extended temperature: -40C to +70C depending on module Multiple power options AC Adapter with 5VDC output (included) 5 to 20V DC jack 7 - 50V DC terminal block

iMcV Managed Modules

A Wide Range of Available Modules

Multiple Conversion and Mode Types Include:
T1/E1/J1 to Ethernet Conversion DS3/E3 to Ethernet Conversion Gigabit Conversion Optical repeaters 100Mbps layer one or layer two converters 100Mbps single-strand fiber 10/100 auto negotiating converter module 10Mbps copper to fiber Single-mode to multi-mode converters Single-mode (up to 40Km), and multi-mode fiber support Gigabit copper to fiber (incl. SSF)

And More

Conclusions
FTTx set for rapid growth over the next six years Providing a high speed pipe is only the beginning: Residential: Video over IP (broadcast/VoD), VoIP Business: Traffic management, QoS issues Intelligent CPEs offering full management functionality plus service levels are the only way forward Cost is always critical, Ethernet is by far and away the most inexpensive delivery method