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b. Combining packed and tray column This technology was developed by The GEA Wiegand Company Source : Bioethanol technology GEA Wiegand, P 11E 072006 02000 / Hinkel & Junghans, Werbeagentur, KA. German.
Figure 2. Hybrid distillation-pervaporation processes with a pervaporation unit externally connected - DPEC (a) and a pervaporation unit in a single column-DPSU (b). The dotted line indicates that the permeate stream can be recycled to the distillation column. The vacuum pump, the condenser, the liquid pump and the pre-heater in the permeate line have been excluded from the sketch for clarity.
Figure 3.Schematic representation of two layers of pervaporation hollow fibres in cross configuration (a) and a packed section with hollow fibres in cross in line configuration (b).
Evidence experiment Three different mixtures are checked : a. Dewatering of ethylene diamine (EDA) b. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and the removal c. The production of methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE).
Reason:
Metyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was used until recently, but it was found that it is highly soluble in water, compromising the water supply wells quality (Johnson et al., 2000); thus, ethyl-tert-butyl ether (ETBE) has been found to be an adequate substitute. This compound has similar or better properties than MTBE (Sneesby et al., 1995).
2.
a. Mass and energy balance in tray P Vp-1 Vp Vp+1 Lp-1;XP-1 Lp;XP Lp+1;XP+1
Trayp+1
b. Mass and energy balance in tray P-1 (Overhead product and feed) Lp-2;XP-2 Vp-1 Vp Vp+1 Trayp+1
Lp-1;XP-1
Lp;XP
M i , p X i , p 1.M
Yi , p 1.M
V p 1
Yi , p 1 ki , p 1. X i , p 1 X i , p 1 Yi , p 1 1 Energy balance dH tp 1 dt
V L L Fin .h f V p .hV p V p 1 .h p 1 L p 1 .h p 1 L p 2 .h p 2
Trayp
Lp+1;XP+1
Mass balance dM tR L1 VR LR dt dM iR L1. X i ,1 VR .Yi , R LR . X i , R dt L V M i,R M R MR Yi , R ki , R . X i , R X i , R Yi , R 1 Energy balance dH tR V L L1.h1L VR .hR LR .hR dt
L V M i , p 1 M p M 1 p 1
Yi , p 1 ki , p 1. X i , p 1 X i , P 1 Yi , p 1 1 Energy balance dH tp 1 dt
L L V VR .hV f L p 1h p 1 L1 .h1 V1 .h1
b. Mass and energy balance in condenser and reflux drum Lc; Xi, c; hL, c Qc
R
Mass balance
dM tD LC R D dt dM iD LC X i ,C X i , D ( R D ) dt because X i ,C X i , D , so
dM iD X i , D ( Lc R D ) dt Energy balance
Process diagram of combined distillation/pervaporation plant for ethanol recovery from fermentors.
In this paper, chitosan(CS)/Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) blend membranes crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (GA) were prepared for seperation of ethyl acetate/ethanol/water azeotrope by pervaporation (PV)
To improved efficiency, it is of great significance to design membranes with both high permeation flux and separation factor.
Separation factor
Effect of the amount of GA on the PV performance of the CS/PVP blend membranes at 25C
Separation factor
Effect of temperature on the permeation flux and the seperation factor of the CS/PVP blend membranes
Separation factor
Permeation flux increased with increase temperature and PVP content, while
separation factor decreased.
The separation factor increased with increased GA content, whereas the flux
decreased.
This system have mass & energy exchange between 2 fluid phase Multiphase Reactor involve a gas-liquid system No chemical reaction
Fin hin
When a substance is moved from the bulk phase to the interface, the mass transfer occurs
V hV
C
L hL
ML Liqui d
MV Ga s
Mass Balance
dM T Fin V L dt
dM i Fin Zin Vyi Lxi dt
M i M L x i M V yi
yi ki xi
yi xi 1
Energy Balance