Protists

Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.

What makes this kingdom so diverse?

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Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or fungus-like. Protists are eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi.

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Are protists helpful in any way? Elaborate

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Can protists be harmful?

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Animal-like protists consume other organisms. heterotrophs single-celled

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Plantlike protists are photosynthetic. single-celled, colonial, or multicellular no roots, stems, or leaves

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Funguslike protists decompose dead organisms. heterotrophs can move, whereas fungi cannot

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Protists are difficult to classify. Protista is one kingdom in the domain Eukarya.

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Protist classification will likely change.

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II. Animal-like Protists Animal-like protists are single-celled heterotrophs that can move.

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Animal-like protists move in various ways. Animal-like protists are often called protozoa.
macronucleus contractile vacuole

food vacuole oral groove

micronucleus
cilia

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Some protozoa move with flagella

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Some protists move with pseudopods. change shape as they move amoebas, for example

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Some protozoa move with cilia. cilia help protists swim and capture food

macronucleus contractile vacuole

food vacuole oral groove

micronucleus
cilia

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Paramecia have contractile vacuoles to expel excess water. To avoid an obstacle, they back up, and move away in an avoidance reaction.

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Some animal-like protists cause disease.
human liver sporozoites

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes.

liver cells

developed parasites red blood cells

Malaria Infection

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Trypanosoma causes African sleeping sickness

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Giardia is contracted from contaminated water

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Protozoa can be beneficial

One protozoan lives inside termites, digests wood. Both species benefit, so this is called mutualism.

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III. Plantlike Protists Algae are plantlike protists. Plantlike protists can be single-celled or multicellular.

colony

daughter colony

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Daughter colonies leaving the mother colony.

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A. Euglenoids are a large group of plantlike protists. mostly photosynthetic, have one or two flagella

pellicle contractile vacuole nucleus flagellum

chloroplast

eye spot

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Euglena moves toward the light, which is known as a positive phototropism. Has a red eyespot, which is light sensitive

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B. Dinoflagellates are marine plantlike protists. may be bioluminescent can cause red tide

Dinoflagellates

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Noctiluca scintillans

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C. Diatoms are plantlike protists with shells. shells made of silica produce large amounts of oxygen

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More diatoms

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Multicellular algae are classified by their pigments. Green algae Brown algae: kelp Red algae

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Red algae is used to make agar, food thickener, and medicine capsules. Can exist at greater depths than brown or green algae

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Spirogyra : a type of green algae Green algae can be unicellular or multicellular

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IV. Fungus-like protists include slime molds and water molds decomposers, like fungi can move, like animals

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Slime molds Eukaryotic organisms: fungus-like and animal-like Decomposers, can move

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Water molds are freshwater, fungus-like protists. one type of water mold caused Great Potato Famine of Ireland in the 1800s made of branching strands of cells can be parasites of plants or fish

What could be placed in the center of this Venn diagram?