BIOTECHNOLOGY

The application of science and technology to living organisms, as well as parts, products and models thereof, to alter living or non-living materials for the production of knowledge, goods and services.
(OECD Biotechnology Statistics. Paris, 2006)

BIOLOGIA Agriculural producs Stem cells Cloning Knock-out animals

BIOQUMICA Biopharmaceuticals Green chemistry Bioremediation Biofuels

Biotechnology applications Medicine and health care

Biopharmaceuticals (recombinant insulin or monoclonal antibodies) (9% turnover of pharmaceutical co. in EU) Recombinant vaccines (17% turnover vaccines in EU) In vitro diagnostics, mainly immunoassays and nucleic-acid tests (30% turnover in EU)

Primary production and agro-food

Breeding and propagation of crops, livestock and fish Feed additive production Veterenary and food diagnostics Veterinaty vaccines Enzymes for food production

Industrial production processes, energy and the environment

Textile finishing Pulp and paper manufacturing Detergents Certain chemical products Bioethanol production bioremediation

MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTHCARE (1)

Nucleic-Acid related technologies High-throughput sequencing of genome, gene, DNA DNA synthesis and amplification Genetic engineering Anti-sense technology siRNA technology
High throughput protein/peptide identification, quantification and sequencing High-throughput metabolite identification and quantification Metabolic pathway engineering

Analysis and modification of genetic material

Protein related technologies Metabolite-related technologies

Analysis and modification of proteins Analysis of metabolites (small molecules)

MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTH CARE(2)

Cellular /subcellular related technologies Cell hybridizacion/fusion Tissue engineering Embryo technology Stem-cell-related technologies Gene delivery Fermentation and downstream processing
Bioinformatics

Cell manipulation for various applications

Supporting tools

Application of computational tools and storage biological data

MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

MEDICINE

Impact of biotechnology
PHARMACY

PREVENTION DIAGNOSIS THERAPEUTICS

MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

MEDICINE

Impact of biotechnology
PHARMACY

RECOMBINANT VACCINES

DIAGNOSIS

BIOPHARCAEUTICALS

ORGANIC INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTION

VACCINES

Process of viral infection

The immune response

The adpative immune system

FIRST GENERATION VACCINES

A traditional vaccine consists of live attenuated bacteria or viruses, of dead or inactivated bacteria of of specific surface proteins of pathogens, e.g. harvested from the plasma of infected patients.

RECOMBINANT VACCINES
Proteins or naked DNA

HER-2/NEU Protein as Target

Growth factor Breast cancer patient HER-2/NEU receptor

Growing cancer cells

Her-2/neu gene

An Antibody Called Herceptin

Growth factor Breast cancer patient Herceptin blocks receptor

Growth slows

Old Way

Patients tissue sample

Pathology

Molecular diagnostics Genetics Immunochamical

DIAGNOSTICS
Genetic testing

Molecular Diagnostics
Old Way

Patients tissue sample Proteomics New Way

Proteins

Pathology

Mass spectrometry

Proteomic image

Genomics
Patients tissue sample or blood sample
DNA Gene chip Microarray image

Monoclonal antibodies

DIAGNOSTICS
Infectious disease testing

DIAGNOSTICS
Protein based
Detection of a protein by a specific antobody
Tests that are used to identify changes in the levels of proteins during disease Identify foreign proteins during an infection

DNA-based
Identify alterations in the DNA sequence correlating with disease or a heightened risk of developing the disease

DIAGNOSTICS
Infectious disease testing
Viral (HIV, hepatitis, EBV, RSV, herpes and CMV) Bacterial (TB, lyme, H. Pyroli, salmonella and sexual transmitted diseases) Genes and viruses associated with specific cancers Flourescence in situ hybridization (FISH) permits to see tagged sequences in cells Serum screening: p.e. PSA (prostate specific antigen) FISH is applied for genetic screening for chromosome abnormalities

Cancer

Genetic testing

DIAGNOSTICS
Sensitivity down to a single molecule Results are obtained faster The amplification technique this will dominate the market

EU 2004

BIOPHARMACEUTICALS
Peptides and proteins produced in large scale produced through recombinat DNA technologies using microorgnanisms or cell curtures as cell factories
1982 Recombinant human insulin

15% turnover out of all pharmacuticals

BIOPHARMACEUTICALS
Hormones: insulin, growth hormone Thrombolytic agents Blood factors: factor VIII, factor IX Haematopietic growth factors Interferons Interleukin based products Monoclonal antibodies Antisense therapy

ORGANIC INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS

Enzyme and/or microorganisms production
Antibiotics Vitamins amino acids Biotechnology based polymers

EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS

Cell-based therapies
Tissue engineering, aimed at regernetaring diseased tissues and organs through the use of cells and the aid of supporting structures and/or biomolecules.
Autologous skin replacements, cartilage and bonde products

Stem cells Application in clinic: bone marrow transplantation fro leukemia patients
Embryonic stem cells, capable of differenciate in any of the 200 cell types. Adult stem cells, capable of mature only in that type of tissue

EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS

Gene Therapy
Introduction of a gene into a cell, resulting in a product which achieves a specific therapeutic goal. This has been applied for the treatment of one type of severe combined immunodeficiency.

Antisense and RNA interference (RNA-based therapies)

The goal is the selective inhibition of gene expression and thus protein production. Antisense technology uses synthesized short, single stranded sequences of nucleic acids RNA interference goal is to silence gene expression by enzymatic cleavage.

EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS

Therapuetic vaccines
Not used in a prophylactic sense, but for the treatment of varioues diseses, including infectious diseses. This vaccines use disease specific proteins as antigens to boost or induce a specific response in the patient with the aim of treating an already existing condition.

Pharmacogenetics
The study of the influence of genetic variation on interindividual differences in drug response with the aim of tailoring therapy to individual genetic make-up