ENVIROMENTAL CORROSION

INTRODUCTION
Corrosion is the destruction of materials by chemical interaction with their environment. The term corrosion is sometimes also applied to the degradation of plastics, concrete and wood, but generally refers to metals. The most widely used metal is iron (usually as steel)

THE CONSEQUENCES OF CORROSION

THE CONSEQUENCES OF CORROSION The consequences of corrosion are many and varied and the effects of these on the safe, reliable and efficient operation of equipment or structures are often more serious than the simple loss of a mass of metal. Failures of various kinds and the need for expensive replacements may occur even though the amount of metal destroyed is quite small. Some of the major harmful effects of corrosion can be summarised as follows:

THE CONSEQUENCES OF CORROSION

1. Reduction of metal thickness leading to loss of

mechanical strength and structural failure or breakdown. 2. Hazards or injuries to people arising from structural failure or breakdown (e.g. bridges, cars, aircraft). 3. Loss of time in availability of profile-making industrial equipment. 4. Reduced value of goods due to deterioration of appearance. 5. Contamination of fluids in vessels and pipes

THE CONSEQUENCES OF CORROSION

6. Perforation of vessels and pipes allowing escape of

their contents and possible harm to the surroundings. 7. Loss of technically important surface properties of a metallic component. These could include frictional and bearing properties, ease of fluid flow over a pipe surface. 8. Mechanical damage to valves, pumps, etc, or blockage of pipes by solid corrosion products. 9. Added complexity and expense of equipment which needs to be designed to withstand a certain amount of corrosion, and to allow corroded components to be conveniently replaced

CORROSION IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

oCHEMICAL CORROSION oELECTRO-CHEMICAL CORROSION

CHEMICAL CORROSION
OXIDATION AND REDUCTION
Eg:fe+h2o=(ferrous oxide)rust

BY THE ACTION OF SALT& ACIDS

ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CORROSION
ANODE GET CORRIED

LOCAL CORROSION AT A FASTER RATE

SEA WATER ACT AS ELECTROLYTE MORE NOBLE METAL GET PROTECTED

LESS NOBLE METAL GET CORROIED

 Uniform Corrosion Galvanic Corrosion Crevice corrosion Pitting corrosion Intergranular corrosion

Selective corrosion (dealloying)

Graphitic corrosion

 Uniform corrosion of metal pipe occurs, it can be typically due to an

adaptation creating a polyelectrode at the surface of the pipe. The electrochemical reaction whereby any one particular site on the metal surface can become anodic one instant and cathodic the next. The anodic sites shift or creep about the surface, the rate of loss of metal is relatively uniform over the metal surface.

 Galvanic corrosion is either a chemical or an electrochemical corrosion. The

latter is due to a potential difference between two different metals connected through a circuit for current flow to occur from more active metal (more negative potential) to the more noble metal (more positive potential).

Electrochemical reaction.mp4.wmv

 Crevice corrosion is an electrochemical oxidation-reduction process. Crevice corrosion is considered much more dangerous than uniform

corrosion since its rate is 10-100 times higher. Crevice corrosion is highly accelerated if chloride, sulphate or bromide ions are present in the electrolyte solution.

 Pitting

corrosion is an electrochemical oxidationreduction process,which occurs within localized holes (cells) on the surface of metals coated with a passive film. Pitting corrosion is considered much more dangerous than uniform corrosion since its rate is 10-100 times higher. Pitting corrosion is highly accelerated if chloride, sulphate or bromide ions are present in the electrolyte solution.

Intergranular corrosion is an electrochemical oxidationreduction process, which is localized in the zones adjacent to the grain boundaries.

 Its a preferential attack of a particular component of an alloy in

presence of electrolyte as a result of an electrochemical oxidationreduction process. Selective corrosion may occur in a single-phase and in multi-phase alloys. Alloys prone to selective corrosion are composed of components with a great difference between their Electrode potentials (eg.CuZn). Selective corrosion either uniform or plug type (localized).

CORROSION CONTROL METHODS

o PAINTING

o CATHODIC PROTECTION
o SACRIFICAL ANODE TYPE o IMPERESSED CURRENT TYPE

PAINTING
oFINISHED OFF WITH SUITABLE COAT oVERY EFFECTIVE &COMPARITIVELY CHEAP

 Cathodic protection is the method of corrosion control.

Its Provides suppression of the metal oxidation due to electrons flowing to

the metal from an external source. The external source of such electrons may be either DC power supply (impressed current cathodic protection) or sacrificial anode. Impressed current cathodic protection is widely used for protection of large underground equipment

SACRIFICAL ANODE TYPE

Metals such as Al,Zn etc..are used as anode
Anode are to be fitted to the ship side or in the tank at strategic position Sacrificial have 2-4years life This system is suitable for ship protection as well as in cargo and blast tanks

Anode can be typically seen in vicinity of the propeller

IMPRESSED CURRENT TYPE

This systems are fitted for protection of the immersed portion of extent hull only.

Voltage of difference is maintained between hull and fitted anodes which will protect the hull against corrosion

The system consist of a source of direct current, anode & apparatus for measuring and controlling current

The amount of immersed current will vary with the area to be protected, ship speed. Salinity and condition of the paint work

References
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/corrosion.
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