FSG500

PHILOSOPHER
Nur Assakila Bt. Ramli Nur Latifah Bt. Zakaria Syazwani Bt. Abu Bakar

Definition
a person who offers views o r theories on profound ques tions in ethics, metaphysics , logic and other related fields. a person who is deeply vers ed in philosophy.

a person who establishes th e central ideas of some mov ement, culture, etc.

a person who regulates his or her life, actions, judgme nts, utterances, etc., by the light of philosophy or reason.

Western

Islamic

Philosopher

Socrates

Plato

Aristotle
Western

Karl Popper

Aristotle (384322 BC)

Greek philosopher, better known as the teacher of Alexander the Great and student of Plato.

Famous for his writings on physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology,

He is also among the first person to set a comprehensive system of Western philosophy which include views about morality and aesthetics, logic and science, politics and metaphysics

Famous for his introduction of scientific method and also known for providing important term of science called empiricism

Socrates (469399BC)

Founders of Western Philosopher

Renowned for his contribution to the field of ethics, epistemology and logic

Main contribution is regarding Socratic Method, used to examine the concepts like justice and goodness.

Involves solving a problem by breaking it into a series of questions. The answers of them usually brought forward the answer that the seeker required.

Plato (427 347BC)

Classical Greek philosopher and mathematician, more so known as the student of Socrates

Founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his teacher Socrates and his student, Aristotle, he led the foundation of Western philosophy and science.

His contribution to the field of art, literature, justice, politics, family and militarism Introduced the term The Republic and his knowledge about idea.

Karl Popper (1902-1994)

Professor of Logic and Scientific Method at the University of London.

One of the greatest philosophers of science of the 20th century.

According to popper, a necessary condition of a theory being scientific is that it should be in principle, testable by experiments. Having come up with a hypothesis, one should seek evidence which refutes/counters it Any a theory that looks scientific but not in principle testable is to be considered a pseudo-science

Philosopher Aristotle

Contribution Famous for his introduction of scientific method and also known for providing important term of science called empiricism. Socratic Method, used to examine the concepts like justice and goodness. Involves solving a problem by breaking it into a series of questions. The answers of them usually brought forward the answer that the seeker required.

Socrates

Plato

Introduced the term The Republic and his knowledge about idea.

Karl Popper

Islamic Philosopher
Averroes
AlKhawarizmi

Avicenna Islamic

Al-Razi

Avicenna (980-1037)

Abu Ali al-Husin bin Abdullah bin Sina is a philosopher and medical doctor to several sultans (rulers) in his homeland of Persia (now Iran).

Wrote more than two hundred works on science, medicine, politics, religion, and philosophy.

His massive encyclopedia The Book of Healing was the largest single collection of knowledge written by one person during the Middle Ages.

In his book Canon of Medicine, Avicenna wrote about how to practice medicine as well as describing diseases and medicines. Translated into several language such as Latin and beingthe most important medical book in both the East (Asia) and the West (non-Asian countries).

Averroes (11261198)

Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Rushd is a medical doctor who wrote widely on philosophical subjects.

Averroes lived in Muslim-controlled Spain, and until he fell from favour he was the doctor at the court of the Muslim ruler of Spain.

Although Averroes wrote books on philosophy, logic, medicine, music, and law, he is best known in the West for his Commentaries on Aristotle.

In this work he attempted to find similarities between ancient Greek and Arabic ideas. He argued that Islamic law requires believers to study philosophy because philosophy can prove the existence of God.

Al-Khawarizmi (780-850)

Abu Abdullah Mohammad Ibn Musa al-Khawarizmi was one of the great Muslim philosophers

He was a brilliant mathematician, astronomer, and geographer.

Some people say that he was possibly the best mathematician the world has ever seen.

In 800, when he was around 20 years old, he made a new system called Algebra. In fact, the word 'Aljebra' comes from his book 'Al-Jabr wa alMuqabilah', and the word Algorithm comes from his name (Algorizm).

In 830, he drew one of the first maps of the known world.

In the 1200's, many of his mathematics books were translated into Latin.

Al-Razi (865-925)

Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi was a Persian alchemist, chemist, physician, philosopher and scholar.

recognised as a polymath and often referred as "probably the greatest and most original of all the Muslim physicians, and one of the most prolific as an author.

He made fundamental and enduring contributions to the fields of medicine, alchemy, music, and philosophy, recorded in over 184 books and articles in various fields of science.

He was well-versed in Persian, Greek and Indian medical knowledge and made numerous advances in medicine through own observations and discoveries.
As an alchemist, Rhazes is known for his study of sulfuric acid and for his discovery of ethanol and its refinement to use in medicine. He became chief physician of Rayy and Baghdad hospitals.

Philosopher Avicenna

Contribution Write the famous book The Book of Healing and Canon of Medicine. These book was translated into several language and being the most important medical book in both the East (Asia) and the West (non-Asian countries). Best known in the West for his Commentaries on Aristotle. In this work he attempted to find similarities between ancient Greek and Arabic ideas. He argued that Islamic law requires believers to study philosophy because philosophy can prove the existence of God.

Averroes

Al-Khawarizmi In 800 he made a new system called Algebra. The word 'Aljebra' comes from his book 'Al-Jabr wa al-Muqabilah', and the word Algorithm comes from his name (Algorizm). In 830, drew one of the first maps of the known world In the 1200's, many of his mathematics books were translated into Latin Al-Razi Known for his study of sulfuric acid and for his discovery of ethanol and its refinement to use in medicine.