MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN ( HOVERCRAFT)

PREPARED BY:

1. MD ISA MAHADIANSHAH BIN MOHAMAD (2011699278) 2. MOHD NOR AFIFI ASHRAF BIN AHMAD (2011160809) 3. ISHAMNURDIN BIN ISMAIL (2011961839) 4. NUR ASIAH BINTI KUZAIMAN (2011541135) 5. NUR DIANA BINTI BORHANUDDIN (2011978665)

INTRODUCTION
A hovercraft, also known as an air-cushion vehicle or ACV, is a craft capable of travelling over land, water, mud or ice and other surfaces both at speed and when stationary.

Hovercraft ride much smoother than boats because they travel over the surface of the water, not through it. It travels over water with no concern for depth or hidden obstacles.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
The purpose of this project is to practice and to apply the knowledge in mechanical design and to gain better understanding in mechanical design process It is conceivable that someday all watercraft will use the hovercraft principal due to its many advantages.

OBJECTIVES
To design a hovercraft based on the product design specification. To design a well-designed hovercraft which requires less drag and horsepower to operate. To develop a hovercraft which works well in rapids and white water making it an excellent watercraft.

To complete the design within 8 weeks time.

Power point presentation overviewing overall process

To design hovercraft and improve its features.

SCOPE OF PROJECT

Final report that covered all the details of the design

CONFIGURATION DESIGN

HULL/BASE
Material : Brown Fibre Dimension : 1.22 m X 2.41m Quantity : 1 Cost : RM 750 Joining process : Mechanical fastener (bolt and nut)

Platform which sustains the entire weight of the craft.

CHASSIS
Material : Polyethylene Size : 1.22 X 2.41 Cost : RM 900 Weight : 170kg Joining Process : Mechanical fastener (Bolt and nut)

Consists of an internal framework that supports a man-made object in its construction and use.

SKIRT
Material : Nylon Size : 7 Meter Cost : RM 616 Quantity : 1 Joining Process : Stapling
Enables a hovercraft to maintain its normal operating speed through large waves

PROPELLER
Material : 6061 Aluminium Alloy Size : 3 X 6 Quantity : (6 blades) Cost : RM 1200 Joining process : Welding

Its purpose is to pull (or push) the aircraft forward through the air.

CHAIR

For passengers comfort

Material : Plastic Size : Standart Quantity : 1 Cost : RM 30 Joining process : Snap fit

ENGINE
Material : Nikasil (Nickel matrix silicon carbide) Weight : 36 kg Performance: 60 HP Max. torque: 84 Nm Cooling: water cooling Quantity : 1 Cost : RM 1400 Joining process : Mechanical Fastener (bolt n nut)

Blows air backwards which provides an equal reaction that causes the craft to move forward.

STEERING
Material : Mild steel coated with nylon plastic Diameter : 0.37 Quantity : 1 Cost : RM 30 Joining process : Mechanical fastener (bolt and nut)

Change in direction

FINN
Material : 6061 Aluminum alloy Size : 2 X 1 Quantity : 2 Cost : RM 400 Joining process : Mechanical fastener (bolt and nut)

FINAL DESIGN

EXPLODED VIEW

SIMULATION

Maximum Von Mises stress = 7.93x104Nm-2. Its shows that by using plastic as the material are the best choice because plastic has approximate Youngs Modulus about 2.20 x109 Nm-2 which does not exceed the maximum value of stress of the plastic can stand.

DETAILS ANALYSIS OF CALCULATION

Engine Human factor = 36kg = 70 kg Base = 241.2 kg Chassis = 4373 kg Total Structure = 4373 kg + 241.2 kg = 4614.2 kg Base surface area = 4feet x 8 feet = 1.22 m x 2.44 m = 2.97 m2

Engine Force , Fengine

= engine mass x gravity = 36 kg x 9.81 m/s2 = 353.16 N

Human Force, Fhuman

= human mass x gravity = 70 kg x 9.81 m/s2 = 686.7 N Structure force, Fstructure = total structure mass x gravity = (4373 kg + 241.2 kg) x 9.81 m/s2 = 45.27 kN
Required Lift Force, Flift = 46.31 kN = Fengine + Fhuman + Fstructure = 353.16 N +686.7 N + 45.27kN

Assuming that the thrust force is equal to half of the lift force,
Required Thrust Force, Fthrust = Flift / 2 = 46.31kN / 2 = 23.16 Kn

Air Pressure, Pair

= Flift / A = 46.31 kN / 2.97 m2 = 15.59 kPa

FAILURE MODE AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS (FMEA) RANKING

FAILURE MODE AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS (FMEA)

MATERIAL COST

TOTAL COST

OVERHEAD COST

No 1.

Part Body

Quantity Wide = 1.22 m Length = 2.41 m Wide = 1.22 m Length = 2.41 m

Price/unit Per ton= 4800

Total price (RM) 900.00

2.

Hull

Per ft2 = 55.00

750.00

2.

Skirt 7m

Per meter = 88.00

616.00

3.

Engine: 3502 E/V 1 Wide = 6 Length = 3 Blades = 6

1400.00

1400.00

4.

Propeller

Per sq ft = 180

1200.00

5.

Steering

Diameter = 0.37m

250.00

6.

Fin

Wide = 2ft
Length = 1ft 1

Per sq ft = 180

400

7.

Chair

30.00 Total

30.00 5546.00

No Type 1. 2. 3. Workers Manufacturing Process Transportation

Cost per unit. RM 100.00 100.00 30.00

Total
List of overhead cost

230.00

Hence, Total cost = material cost + overhead cost Total cost = RM 5546 + RM 230 = RM 5776

CONCLUSION
Hovercraft is a year-round vehicle that can make the transition from land to water without touching the surface. In a hovercraft system,engine provides both the lift cushion and the thrust for forward or reverse movement powers it. Rising fuel prices and shortages are making the hovercraft a desirable form of transportation. One must take under consideration the weight and the shape of each component in order to avoid problems such as instability and dysfunction.