SAFE LPG FOR HOME

Project guide: Ms.Manjusree s. Group members:Sreelekshmi M.S.

Sreeja M.S. Reshma Manoharan Sini P .V.
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Contents
Aim Block diagram Circuit diagram Flow diagram Components description Pic microcontroller Input section (Gas sensor) Output section(Gsm modem,Buzzer) Advantages Applications Conclusion References

Introduction
The number of deaths due to the explosion of gas cylinders has been increasing in recent years. Around 1500 people per annum lost their lives in LPG leakage accidents .

Causes of accidents
Careless handling of LPG cylinder leaving gas regulator ON while not in use . Old and damaged link pipe between the stove and cylinder. Bringing fire or igniting fire near LPG cylinder.

Why our project ?

There is a need for a system to detect and also prevent leakage of LPG. Here we present a pic microcontroller based system to meet this requirement.

Block diagram
GSM MODULE

GAS SENSOR (MQ6)

PIC MICRO CONTROLLER (16F877A)

ALARM

Circuit diagram
PIC MICROCONTROLLER GSM MODEM

GAS SENSOR

BUZZER

POWER SUPPLY
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Circuit working
The circuit consists of two major modules namely, leakage detection module and PIC microcontroller. It uses Microchips PIC 16F877A, which is an 8 bit microcontroller. The leakage detection module consists of the MQ-6 gas sensor to detect the amount of combustible gas present in the surrounding . The output of sensor module is connected to ADC of the PIC microcontroller. The microcontroller digitises the voltage and checks if the concentration is within safe levels. If the concentration of the combustible gases is beyond safe levels (the safety level is programmable(3V)) the microcontroller immediately activates an alarm and the and sends alert SMS about leakage to the stored numbers via GSM.

Flow diagram
START

GET SENSOR INPUT Power ON

YES
MCU sends AT to GSM module

WITH IN SAFETY LEVEL

NO

NO

Is GSM modem replies OK?

START ALARM AND SEND MESSAGE to stored number

YES

CLOSE
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Components description-gas sensor

1.Gas sensor (MQ6 gas sensor) Features: High Sensitivity to LPG, iso-butane and propane. Detection Range: 100 - 10,000 ppm. Fast Response Time: <10s Long life and low cost . Simple drive circuit. Applications Gas leak detection system. Fire/Safety detection system. Gas leak alarm. Gas detector.

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Basic circuit of gas sensor

Basic circuit: The sensor requires two voltages, VH 1.heater voltageVH 2.circuit voltage VC VC VRL VH is used to supply certified working temperature to the sensor. heat VC is used to detect voltage er (VRL) on load resistance(RL). RL Heater is used to heat up sensing element . In order to make the sensor with better performance, suitable RL value is needed.
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Continued........
Technical data
Sensor type Standard Encapsulation Heater voltage(VH) Loop voltage(Vc) Load resistance(RL) Semiconductor Bakelite (Black Bakelite) 5.0V0.2V ACorDC 5.0V0.2V ACorDC Adjustable

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Continued............
Structure and Configuration: The sensor composed by Micro AL2O3 ceramic tube. Tin Dioxide (SnO2) sensitive layer. Measuring electrode (Au) Heater (nickel-cromium alloy) They are fixed into a crust made by plastic and stainless steel net. The heater provides necessary work conditions for work of sensitive components. The enveloped MQ-6 have 6 pin ,4 of them are used to fetch signals, and other 2 are used for providing heating current.
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Working principle-gas sensor

Sensing material-tin dioxide (SnO2)

1. Adsorption of oxygen on the crystal surface. 2.Reaction between surface oxygen and gases takes place.
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Continued....
Reaction causes a dynamic change of electric potential on SnO2 crystal . This results in the decrease of sensor resistance under the presence of reducing gases such as CO,methane(conductivity increases).
Sensor resistance in air

In the presence of reducing gases ,sensor resistance decreases with increase of gas concentration

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Pic microcontroller
2. PIC16F877A CMOS FLASH based 8-bit microcontroller High-Performance RISC CPU Operating speed: 20 MHz clock input, 200 ns instruction cycle. 256 bytes of EEPROM data memory. self programming. 2 Comparators. 8channels of 10-bit Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter. 2 capture/compare/PWM functions. A synchronous serial port that can be configured as either 3wire SPI or 2-wire I2C bus, aUSART, and a Parallel Slave Port.
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Continued..........
Parameter Name
Operating frequency Program Memory (KB) interrupts RAM Bytes Data EEPROM (bytes) Instruction set Timers ADC Comparators Temperature Range (C) Operating Voltage Range (V) Pin Count

Value
DC-20MHZ 14-bit words,8K 15 368 256 35 instructions 2 x 8-bit, 1 x 16-bit 8 ch, 10-bit 2 -40 to 85 2 to 5.5 40

i/o ports

Ports A,B,C,D,E
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Output sections
3.MAX232 The MAX232 is an integrated circuit, first created by Maxim Integrated Products. It is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals. The drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs from a single + 5 V supply via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. The receivers reduce RS-232 inputs (which may be as high as 25 V), to standard 5 V TTL levels.
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Working of MAX232
When a MAX232 IC receives a TTL level to convert, it changes a TTL Logic 0 to between +3 and +15 V, and changes TTL Logic 1 to between -3 to -15 V and vice versa for converting from RS232 to TTL
RS232 Line Type & Logic Level Data Transmission (Rx/Tx) Logic 0 Data Transmission (Rx/Tx) Logic 1 RS232 Voltage TTL Voltage to/from MAX23 0V

+3 V to +15 V

-3 V to -15 V

5V

Control Signals -3 V to -15 V (RTS/CTS/DTR /DSR) Logic 0 Control Signals +3 V to +15 V (RTS/CTS/DTR /DSR) Logic 1

5V

0V

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Continued...
4. Gsm modem A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. The Modem is coming with 5V TTL interface, which allows us to connect directly to 5V microcontroller. It is suitable for SMS as well as DATA transfer.

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Continued
5.BUZZER
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device,which may be mechanical,electromechanical or piezoelectric. It is provided to immediately alert the people at home.

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Power supply
7805 converts 230V ac into 5V DC. 5V is used as VCC for all ICs.

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Advantages
Helps in decreasing chances of accidents. User friendly operations. Cheap and cost effective. Easy to handle and implement.

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Disadvantages
No protection circuitry is provided

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Applications
Gas leakage detector (Domestic) Combustible gas detector (Industrial) Gas detector (Portable) Homes Factories LPG storage Gas cars Hotels

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Future scope
The system can be further enhanced by using a Real- Time clock to display the date and time . Temperature sensor can be used to detect sudden rise in temperature due to other sources that may be hazardous. The temperature sensor can also be used to display the temperature and alert when too high or low temperatures are

reached.

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Conclusion
The device can not only be used for home security systems but also can be used in industries and other places to detect gas leaks and alert people, apart from taking required safety measures. For simpler and cost effective systems an RF transmitter and receiver system can also be used but the
coverage area will be limited .

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References
http://www.wvshare.com/datasheet/Microchip_P

DF/PIC16F877A.PDF

Hanwei Electronics Co. Ltd, MQ 6 sensor Datasheet . Sunithaa.J, Sushmitha.D Embedded Control System for LPG Leak Detection and Prevention, international Conference on Computing and Control Engineering (ICCCE 2012), 12 & 13 April, 2012 .

Microchip Inc., PIC 16F877A datasheet T. Iseki, H. Tai, and K. Kimura, "A portable remote methane sensor using a tunable diode laser," Meas. Sci. Technol.,Vol. 11, pp. 594 602, 2000. http://www.wvshare.com/datasheet/MAXIM_PDF/MAX2 20-MAX249.pdf
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Time line
Feb 8-Feb 13 Feb 14-Feb 15 Feb 16-feb 28 Searched details of gas sensor,collected datasheets of MQ6 gas sensor. Discussed gas sensor details in our group,Studied about gas sensor MQ6. Collected papers of PIC microcontroller and studied. Did PCB design,Discussed program of our project in our group. Prepared slides for presentation. program completion,Design and implementation of circuit.

March 8-march 14 March 15-march 22 Future works

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