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Terminologies:
A statistical hypothesis is an assertion or conjecture
concerning one or more populations. Null hypothesis: This refers to any hypothesis the researcher wishes to test and is denoted by H0. It implies neutrality and objectivity which must be present in any research undertaking. Alternative hypothesis : The rejection of H0 leads to the acceptance of an alternative hypothesis, denoted by Ha.
test procedure
A method for using data to determine whether Ho
should be accepted or rejected Used to determine if hypothesis is more acceptable as true or which hypothesis is more likely to be false
Significance level
Usually denoted by alpha , related to the degree of
uncertainty you require in order to reject the null hypothesis in favor of alternative hypothesis (type 1 error)
Level of confidence
The degree of assurance that a particular statistical
Critical Values
Normal curve areas
Test .005 .01 .05 .10 0.10 One 2.58 2.33 1.645 1.28 tailed 1.28 1.65
0.05
Two 2.81 tailed 2.575 1.96 1.645
1.65
1.96
0.01
2.32
2.58
Critical value
Threshold to which the value of the test statistics in a
values of the test value that indicates that there is a significant difference and the null hypothesis should be rejected
Critical Regions
Critical values
Type of errors
statistical decision Accept H0 Reject H0 H0 is true Correct decision Type I error H0 is false__ Type II error Correct
contained in a single sample Statistical tool which can be used to compare or to study two groups of data through the value of their means
deviation is given Mean of the population is known sample size is large (30)
normally distributed: 1. Formulate the null and the alternative hypothesis 2. Set the level of significance and decide whether onetailed test or two tailed test shall be applied 3. Decide the test statistic to be used 4. Compute for the value of the test statistic using sample data
.
5. Make a decision: a. if the computed value of the statistics is greater than the tabular or critical value, reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis b. If the computed value of the test statistic is less than the tabular critical value, accept the null hypothesis and reject the alternative hypothesis 6. State the conclusion
.
neighborhood Sample A
X1 =10,100 S1 = 300 N1=100
Sample B
X2=10,300 S2= 400 N2=100
test if the null hypothesis that two neighborhood have the same income. What should the bank conclude? Use =0.o5 Use the one- tailed and two-tailed test in solving the problem
use T-test if
Probability distribution is normal
Sample size is small (n< 30) Population standard deviation is estimated from the
normally distributed, 1.Formulate the null hypothesis and alternative hyp0thesis 2. Specify the level of significance; determine the degrees of freedom(df); and find the tabular or critical value df= n-1 (for one sample mean test) Df = n1+n2 -2 (for two groups of samples
.
The df are the number of observations in the sample that are free to vary around the mean sample 3. Decide the test statistic to be used 4. Compute the value of the Tcomputed 5. Decide whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis 6. State the conclusion
s 1.10
belted
5.61
1.30