Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Modeling
Create a model
Usually a simplified description Using a few rules
Physics
Physics Envy
Economics Psychology Sociology Biology Political Science Agriculture Chemistry and even Physics
No simple equations No exact equations Probability needed Interactions of 1000s of individuals cant be accurately modeled by a simple composite number.
Water
u 0
Hydrodynamics 1 u v (u) (u )u p g Computers use Finite Element or Finite Difference Methods to solve with voxels. Navier-Stokes (1800) used PDEs to solve. Simplifications are needed to be able to do u(x,y,z,t) is velocity, this in any reasonable v is viscosity, amount of time. (4-7 is density, mins per frame) p is the pressure vector Nick Foster & Ronald Fedkiw g is the gravity vector. http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~fostern/
With no logging
Total tree density climbs quickly from the sparse initial conditions, reaching a peak around year 200. Fast-growing species like black cherry, white pine, and red oak reach the canopy first. As the light reaching the forest floor declines, these species seedlings fail to recruit into the canopy, and the more shade-tolerant species (mainly beech, hemlock, and, to a lesser extent, yellow birch) increase in relative abundance. By the end of the 1000-year simulation, beech reaches almost 100% dominance in the forest.
Weather Prediction
Far harder than anyone suspected. Chaotic (a butterfly in China affects a hurricane in Louisiana). NEC Earth Simulator (now #4 after three years as #1) is 640 processors, each with 8 vector arithmetic processors. Each processor is 8Gflop, total 10Tb memory. NOAA feeds 2 million observations/day for weather prediction. Currently 1-3 day is so so, trying for 7 days.
Fire
Training and teaching Providing cheaper, less dangerous labs Policy planning Design and prototyping Design of Pseudoexperiments. Movie/Game making Prediction and approximation
Flight simulator Space flight simulation Business Game Nuclear power plant emergency War Games Medical Simulation Car, aircraft, wing design Political planning
Researchers in Turkey constructed a computer model of the adult population of England and Wales, looking at the effect of reducing smoking, cholesterol, and blood pressure in those with and without heart disease. This showed that primary prevention has a four fold bigger impact on mortality than secondary prevention.
A Living Cell
Researchers are taking on a project that will attempt to create a detailed computer model of a living cell that includes all of the cell's genes and proteins, their function and their relationships to one another. The researchers will use Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a single-celled yeast, which, they say, shares many genetic traits with humans, making it a useful model. The work is part of a $4.88 million grant from the National Science Foundation. Over the next five years, Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences will lead a team of biochemists and computer scientists including a team from the University of Rochester Medical Center to build the computer model of gene and protein function within the cell, and then test predictions against real-world experiments.
Eye Injuries
Stitzel and his colleagues have been working on the computer simulation model for several years and already have reported that the model tracks the actual results of a series of experiments in which foam particles, BBs and baseballs strike the human eye. The model predicts when the globe of the eye will rupture from high-speed blunt trauma. In an accompanying editorial, Paul F. Vinger, M.D., of Concord, Mass., said the Virginia Tech-Wake Forest center's project to create the computer simulation "is a formidable undertaking that is bound to change the course of eye trauma research." He said that when the model predictions were compared with actual results, there was "excellent correlation between the calculated and experimental results."
Assignment
Write a simulator for your self. Send your sim to class, and you can sleep-in every morning!