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Scheduling
Operations Management
William J. Stevenson
8th edition
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Scheduling
CHAPTER
15
Scheduling
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Eighth Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Scheduling
Scheduling
Scheduling: Establishing the timing of the use of equipment, facilities and human activities in an organization Effective scheduling can yield
Cost savings
Increases in productivity
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Scheduling
High-Volume Systems
Work Center #1
Work Center #2
Output
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Scheduling
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
Intermediatevolume
Low-volume
A Done
Build B B Done Build C
Service operations
C Done
Build D Ship On time!
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Scheduling
Process and product design Preventive maintenance Rapid repair when breakdown occurs Optimal product mixes Minimization of quality problems Reliability and timing of supplies
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Scheduling
Intermediate-Volume Systems
Outputs are between standardized highvolume systems and made-to-order job shops
Q0
2DS p H p u
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Scheduling
Loading - assignment of jobs to process centers Sequencing - determining the order in which jobs will be processed Job-shop scheduling
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Scheduling
Figure 15.2
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Loading
Infinite loading
Finite loading Vertical loading Horizontal loading Forward scheduling Backward scheduling Schedule chart
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Sequencing
Sequencing: Determine the order in which jobs at a work center will be processed. Workstation: An area where one person works, usually with special equipment, on a specialized job.
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Sequencing
Priority rules: Simple heuristics used to select the order in which jobs will be processed.
Everything is
#1 Priority
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Priority Rules
Table 15.2
Top Priority
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Example 2
Average Number of Jobs at the Work Center
2.93 2.63 2.68 3.24
Table 15.4
Rule
FCFS SPT EDD CR
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Job time must be known and constant Job times must be independent of sequence Jobs must follow same two-step sequence
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2. 3.
4.
List the jobs and their times at each work center Select the job with the shortest time Eliminate the job from further consideration Repeat steps 2 and 3 until all jobs have been scheduled
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Scheduling Difficulties
Variability in
No method for identifying optimal schedule Scheduling is not an exact science Ongoing task for a manager
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Appointment systems
Reservation systems
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Cyclical Scheduling
Set a scheduling horizon Identify the work pattern Develop a basic employee schedule Assign employees to the schedule
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Cannot store or inventory services Customer service requests are random Scheduling service involves
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Service Scheduling
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Service Scheduling
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Schedule