Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Agenda
1. Background
2. What are the key parameters for airport pavements 3. What about pavement design
10th
1. Background
2. What are the key parameters for airport pavements? 3. What about pavement design? 4. What is new in airport pavement engineering? 5. Conclusions
10th
10th
Taxiway
Runway
5 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
In terms of pavement
In terms of serviceability
6 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
1. 3. 4. 5.
Background What about pavement design? What is new in airport pavement engineering? Conclusions
7 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Maintenance: Rubber removal Surface sealant De-icing Works under traffic control Overlay on concrete
8 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Maintenance: Rubber removal Surface sealant De-icing Works under traffic control Overlay on concrete
9 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Permanent deformation
Degradation on aprons, taxiways, runway entrances
Mainly at aircraft stop lines
Material performances:
Static loading more than dynamic loading Stiffness at low speed (low frequency) Low energy dissipation Thin asphalt system for top layers (SMA) High modulus base layer Polymer modified bitumen PmB
Suitable solution
10 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Cracking resistance
Taxiways and runways
Various types: fatigue, thermal, ageing, reflective Can lead to integrity loss FOD
In connection with strain / stress levels (higher level and longer time application) Material performances:
Fatigue, self healing Flexibility at low temperature
B 777 gear
11 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Material performance
12 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Spread load on sub grade and withstand traffic flow Valid on aprons, taxiways, runways
High T Low frequency Low T High frequency
Material performance
10000
Modulus, MPa
1000
15C 10Hz
Asphalt Mix B
Asphalt Mix C
100 1,E-03 1,E-02 1,E-01 1,E+00 1,E+01 1,E+02 1,E+03 1,E+04 1,E+05 1,E+06
Shift Frequency
13 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Material performance
Modulus, MPa
Asphalt Mix A
1000
15C 10Hz
Asphalt Mix B
Asphalt Mix C
100 1,E-03 1,E-02 1,E-01 1,E+00 1,E+01 1,E+02 1,E+03 1,E+04 1,E+05 1,E+06
Shift Frequency
14 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Fuel resistance
Degradation on taxiways, aprons
Due to chemical agent Can lead to integrity loss FOD
15 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Creep test
17 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Fracture toughness
Healing effect
Fracture toughness
18 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
19 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Mass loss
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Immersion time, h
20 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
1.
Background
2.
4. 5.
21 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Empirical approach using a simple equivalent wheel Pavement thickness equivalence & layer equivalency factor per material Based on DC10 as the heaviest aircraft (in correlation with the AASHO road test) Empirical method based on CBR and material equivalency Does not take into account material performances
22 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Limitation
23 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Still limitations
24 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Other approaches
Aircraft Loading Index ALI approach
3D Finite Element method Research & Experiments
National Airport Pavement Test Facility, NAPTF (Atlantic City, US) Pavement Experimental Programme, PEP (LCPC-Airbus)
25 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
1.
Background
2.
3. 5.
26 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Model Mobile Load Simulator MMLS from South Africa Adaptation of the speed and cycle number for airfield application
Introduction of PG82
Greater high temperature criteria to better fit with hot dry climate
28 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
PEP 3 to start in 2007 to assess the tyre pressure effect on permanent deformation of asphalt pavement
7 asphalt mixtures to be assessed under various conditions of loading
Gap graded asphalt mixture Special specification against fatigue cracking and permanent deformation
29 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
1. 2. 3. 4.
Introduction Airport pavement similar to road pavement? What are the key parameters for airport? What about specification?
5. Conclusions
30 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design
Conclusions
A road can fail a runway can not
Airport pavements are different than road pavements
Function, loading, use, operation Static loading High strain and stress levels Extreme conditions
31 Airport Workshop Lafarge/Shell, 10th of July 2007 London Airport Pavement Design