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Training Program on
WBPDCL Simulator
PREPARED BY
Vibration Standards
Implementation
Vibration Monitoring
Applications
Fans / Blowers Compressors / Engines Turbines / Alternators Pumps Gear Boxes / Bearings Ball Mills Electric Motors And a whole lot of other items
Vibration Monitoring
Problem Identifications
Unbalance Misalignment Mechanical Looseness Antifriction / Sleeve Bearing Defects Gear Defects Resonance
Vibration Monitoring
Problem Identifications
Belt Defects Impeller / Blade Defects Bent Shaft Electrical Problems Reciprocating Machines Sometimes static machines and process evaluation
Vibration Monitoring
What is Vibration ? It is the motion of mechanical parts back and forth from its position of rest /neutral position.
VIBRATION FUNDAMENTALS
DISPLACEMENT WAVEFORM
90 Upper Limit
Vibration Monitoring
What causes Vibration ?
Induced Force & Freedom for Movement
Vibration Monitoring
Harmful Effects of Excess vibration
Increased load on Bearings: Reduced Bearing Life Higher Forces on Mountings: Foundation Loosening and Damage of Support Structure Increased Stresses on Machines : Risk of fatigue on components
Vibration Monitoring
Harmful Effects of Excess vibration
Decreased Equipment efficiency. Reduced Output Quality. Increased Maintenance Cost due to more Component Failures and Unplanned Operations Unsafe Operating Environment
Vibration Monitoring
Fundamental Realities
All Machines while running vibrate. An increase in vibration level is a sign of trouble Each trouble will create vibration in its own unique way - with different characteristics
Characteristics of Vibration
Frequency Phase
FREQUENCY
1 1 = = Period T
Cycles Second
13
Vibration Monitoring
Other modes
Kurtosis Spike Energy Shock Pulse Measurement SEE HFD Acceleration Enveloping Velocity Enveloping
What is Phase?
The position of a vibrating part at a given instant with reference to a fixed point or another vibrating part. The part of a vibration cycle through which one part or object has moved relative to another part.
The unit of phase is degree where one complete cycle of vibration is 360 degrees.
Vibration Phase
16
Phase
Additional Illustration on phase
17
PHASE Cont..
30 Micron 10 degrees 32 Micron 190 degrees
0 10 12 8
5 12 10 6
15 22 20 16
18 24 22 20
21
Phase application
A B C
22
Unit of Measurement?
Displacement - Microns(um) Velocity - MM/Sec Acceleration - g Acceleration Envelop g-Env Spike Energy g-SE
Vibration Monitoring
Amplitude Descriptors RMS :Energy contained in wave (Proper measurement parameter) Peak :1.41*RMS (Instruments are calibrated by some companies in Peak) Peak-To Peak :2* Peak Average :Area under wave
Parameter Selection
Frequency sensitivity
Displacement Velocity Acceleration <600CPM 600-60,000CPM >60,000CPM
Spike Energy/SEE
Ultrasonic range
Displacement
Sensitive to low frequencies.Good guide for imbalance & other low frequency faults.
Velocity
Has average sensitivity throughout the frequency range.Reasonably sensitive to imbalance,misalignment,looseness and later stages of rolling element bearing damage.
Acceleration
Sensitive to high frequencies.Good guide for rolling element bearing damage,gear related problem & cavitations etc.
Vibration Monitoring
Displacement
Sensitivity to Low Frequencies Good guide for imbalance & other low frequency faults
Velocity
Have Average sensitivity throughout the frequency range Reasonably sensitive to imbalance, misalignment, Looseness and Rolling element Bearings
Vibration Monitoring
Velocity
Displacement
Acceleration
Notes
30