Quality Advocates

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Quality Advocates

U.S. Quality Innovators Walter Shewhart (1920s -1940s) W. Edwards Deming (post WWII through 1980s) Joseph M. Juran (consultant post WWII through 1980s) Philip Crosby (1980s) Japanese Quality Innovators: Kaoru Ishikawa (post WWII - 1980s) Genichi Taguchi (1960s - 1980s)

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Walter A Shewhart

Pioneer of modern quality control

recognized the need to separate variation into assignable and unassignable causes (defined in control.) founder of the control chart (e.g. X-bar and R chart). originator of the plan-do-check-act cycle. perhaps the first to successfully integrate statistics, engineering, and economics. defined quality in terms of objective and subjective quality objective quality: quality of a thing independent of people. subjective quality: quality is relative to how people perceive it. (value)

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W. Edwards Deming
Studied under Shewhart at Bell Laboratories Contributions: well known for helping Japanese companies apply Shewharts statistical process control. Main contribution is his Fourteen Points to Quality create constancy of purpose. cease dependence on inspection to improve quality drive out fear and build employee trust. seek long-term supplier relationship eliminate numerical goals; substitute leadership (abolish annual rating or merit system). eliminate slogans, exhortations, and work-force targets

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The Deming Chain Reaction

Costs Decrease:
Improve Quality
(Less rework, fewer mistakes, less scrap)

Productivity Improves

Stay in Business

Provide Jobs and More Jobs

Achieve Greater Market Share (higher quality

products at less cost)

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Joseph M. Juran

Contributions also well-known for helping improve Japanese quality. directed most of his work at executives and the field of quality management. - developed the Juran Triology for managing quality:

Quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement.

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Juran
Quality Planning Quality Control

40
Cost of Poor Quality

20

0
Time

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Feigenbaum

Developed the concept of Total Quality Control.

System for managing the entire value-chain connecting supplier to customer.

If you want to find out about your quality, go out and ask your customer. Quality control staff = Facilitators.

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Philip Crosby

Quality management advocate, consultant, and author

Quality is Free
#1- quality is defined by conformance to requirements, not goodness. #2 - system for causing quality is prevention not appraisal. #3 - performance standard is zero defects, not thats close enough. #4 - measurement of quality is the price of nonconformance, not indexes.

The four absolutes of quality including:

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Crosby
Cost of Conformance

Prevention

Low

Quality

High

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Kaoru Ishikawa

Contributions

Developed concept of true and substitute quality characteristics true characteristics are the customers view substitute characteristics are the producers view degree of match between true and substitute ultimately determines customer satisfaction. Advocate of the use of the 7 tools (e.g., cause-and-effect diagram) Advanced the use of quality circles (worker quality teams). Respect for humanity as a management philosophy - full participation. Cross-functional management.

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Genichi Taguchi

Contributions: Taguchi methods emphasize consistency of performance and reduced variation Quality loss function (deviation from target is a loss to society). Parameter design (robust engineering) which is an application of Design of Experiments.

Identify key variables Reduce variation on the important variables Open up tolerances on unimportant variables

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Taguchi
Loss Lower specification limit

Target

Upper specification limit

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