CHEMICAL REACTIONS

TODAY
Begin learning about different types of chemical reactions (synthesis, decomposition and combustion) Practice these reactions! Worksheet (homework if you dont complete in class)

TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Synthesis Single displacement Combustion Decomposition Double displacement

Today

GENERAL CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

General Chemical Equation (GCE): equation the uses letters of the alphabet in place of chemical symbols to show the movement of its components in a reactions (ex. A + B = AB) Mg + O2 = Balanced?

SYNTHESIS REACTIONS
Two elements combine to form a compound Either a metallic element + a non-metallic element OR two non-metallic elements Element + Element = Compound GCE is A + B = AB Ex. Mg + O2 = MgO Balanced?

EXAMPLES
Write a skeleton equation for when sulfur(S8) an oxygen(O2) combine.

Write a skeleton equation for when hydrogen(H2) and Nitrogen(N2) combine.

SINGLE DISPLACEMENT
An element reacts with an ionic compound The element becomes part of the ionic compound while one of the elements in the compound become an element by itself Either two metals or two non metals with switch places The GCE is AB + C = CB + A
Copper (II) Chloride + Aluminum Aluminum(III) Chloride + Copper

CuCl2 + Al AlCl2 + Cu

EXAMPLE
Write the skeleton equation for a Potassium Iodide(KI) and Bromine (Br2) reaction

COMBUSTION OF HYDROCARBONS
a compound or element rapidly combines with oxygen gas (usually giving off a large amount of heat and light) When hydrocarbons react in a a combustion reaction the result is always CO2 and H2O Hydrocarbons have the formula CxHY
Example: methane gas CH4

The GCE for a hydrocarbon combustion reactions is:

CxHY + O2 CO2 + H2O
CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O

TODAY
Review first 3 types of reactions Combustion demonstration Continue with types of reactions note (single and double displacement) Single displacement demonstration Double displacement reaction lab activity Worksheet

DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS
A compound is broken apart into two or more elements and/or simpler compounds The compound is broken down to either one metallic and one non-metallic element or two nonmetallic elements Compound Element + Element The GCE is AB = A + B

When Mercury (II) Oxide is heated HgO Hg + O2

EXAMPLE
Write the skeleton equation for the break down of water into Hydrogen(H2) and oxygen(O2)

Write the skeleton equation for when Calcium Chloride is broken down (by heat)

DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT
The positive of negative ions in two dissolved ionic compounds switch places The GCE is AB + CD = AD + CB Positive switches with positive, negative switches with negative When Magnesium hydroxide reacts with Silver nitrate it produces magnesium nitrate and silver hydroxide Mg(OH)2 + AgNO3 Mg(NO3) + AgOH

EXAMPLE
Write the skeleton equation of a double displacement reaction between Lead (II) nitrate(Pb(NO3)2) and sodium iodide (NaI)

NEUTRALIZATION REACTIONS
When we looked at Acids and Bases in class last week we saw that when we combine an acid and a base they create a salt and H2O. This is a double displacement reaction! A GCE for that neutralization reaction would be
HB + XOH XB + H20

When you apply that to a specific reaction (Hydrochloric acid and Sodium Hydroxide) you can see that:
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O