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What is the turbine?
turbine? Types of steam turbine. Component of steam turbine. Problems in steam turbine.
What exactly is the turbine? Turbine is an engine that converts energy of fluid into mechanical energy
The steam energy is converted mechanical work by expansion through the turbine. Expansion takes place through a series of fixed blades(nozzles) and moving blades. In each row fixed blade and moving blade are called stage.
Steam turbine:
Back Pressure Steam Turbine
Steam exits the turbine at a higher pressure that the atmospheric
HP Steam
Boiler
Turbine
Advantages: -Simple configuration -Low capital cost -Low need of cooling water -High total efficiency Disadvantages: -Larger steam turbine
Fuel
Condensate Process
LP Steam
Steam turbine:
Extraction Condensing Steam Turbine
HP Steam
Boiler Fuel
Turbine
Condenser
Velocity diagram:
1 steam pipeline 2 inlet control valve 3 nozzle chamber 4 nozzle-box 5 outlet 6 stator 7 blade carrier 8 casing
9 rotor disc 10 rotor 11 journal bearing 13 thrust bearing 14 generator rotor 15 coupling 16 labyrinth packing 19 steam bleeding (extraction)
21 bearing pedestal 22 safety governor 23 main oil pump 24 centrifugal governor 25 turning gear 29 control stage impulse blading
Schematic diagram:
BLADE FAILURES:
Unknown 26% Stress-Corrosion Cracking 22% High-Cycle Fatigue 20% Corrosion-Fatigue Cracking 7% Temperature Creep Rupture 6% Low-Cycle Fatigue 5% Corrosion 4% Other causes 10%
Corrosion:
Resultant damage: Extensive pitting of airfoils, shrouds, covers, blade root surfaces. Causes of failure: Chemical attack from corrosive elements in the steam provided to the turbine.
Creep:
Resultant damage: Airfoils, shrouds, covers permanently deformed. Causes of failure: Deformed parts subjected to steam temperatures in excess of design limits.
Fatigue:
Resultant damage: Cracks in airfoils, shrouds, covers, blade roots. Causes of failure: Loosing of parts (cover, tie wire, etc.) Exceeded part fatigue life design limit
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